A global synthesis of biodiversity responses to glacier retreat

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(12), P. 1675 - 1685

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Characteristics, Main Impacts, and Stewardship of Natural and Artificial Freshwater Environments: Consequences for Biodiversity Conservation

Water, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 260 - 260

Published: Jan. 16, 2020

In this overview (introductory article to a special issue including 14 papers), we consider all main types of natural and artificial inland freshwater habitas (fwh). For each type, identify the biodiversity patterns ecological features, human impacts on system environmental issues, discuss ways use information improve stewardship. Examples selected key biodiversity/ecological features (habitat type): narrow endemics, sensitive (groundwater GDEs); crenobionts, LIHRes (springs); unidirectional flow, nutrient spiraling (streams); naturally turbid, floodplains, large-bodied species (large rivers); depth-variation in benthic communities (lakes); endemism diversity (ancient lakes); threatened, (oxbow lakes, SWE); diverse, reduced littoral (reservoirs); cold-adapted (Boreal Arctic fwh); endemism, depauperate (Antarctic flood pulse, intermittent wetlands, biggest river basins (tropical variable hydrologic regime—periods drying, flash floods (arid-climate fwh). Selected impacts: eutrophication other pollution, modifications, overexploitation, habitat destruction, invasive species, salinization. Climate change is threat multiplier, it important quantify resistance, resilience, recovery assess strategic role different ecosystems their value for conservation. Effective conservation solutions are dependent an understanding connectivity between (including related terrestrial, coastal marine systems).

Language: Английский

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Concepts and applications in functional diversity

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 1869 - 1885

Published: July 16, 2021

Abstract The use of functional diversity analyses in ecology has grown exponentially over the past two decades, broadening our understanding biological and its change across space time. Virtually all ecological sub‐disciplines recognise critical value looking at species communities from a perspective, this led to proliferation methods for estimating contrasting dimensions diversity. Differences between these their development generated terminological inconsistencies confusion about selection most appropriate approach addressing any particular question, hampering potential comparative studies, simulation exercises meta‐analyses. Two general mathematical frameworks are prevailing: those based on dissimilarity matrices (e.g. Rao entropy, dendrograms) relying multidimensional spaces, constructed as either convex hulls or probabilistic hypervolumes. We review frameworks, discuss strengths weaknesses provide an overview main R packages performing calculations. In parallel, we propose way organising metrics unified scheme quantify richness, divergence regularity individuals under each framework. This offers roadmap confidently approaching both theoretically practically. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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High Mountain Areas

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 131 - 202

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

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Language: Английский

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Ecosystem shifts in Alpine streams under glacier retreat and rock glacier thaw: A review

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 675, P. 542 - 559

Published: April 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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Dynamics of Ecological Communities Following Current Retreat of Glaciers

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 405 - 426

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

Glaciers are retreating globally, and the resulting ice-free areas provide an experimental system for understanding species colonization patterns, community formation, dynamics. The last several years have seen crucial advances in our of biotic after glacier retreats, from integration methodological innovations ecological theories. Recent empirical studies demonstrated how multiple factors can speed up or slow down velocity helped scientists develop theoretical models that describe spatiotemporalchanges structure. There is a growing awareness different processes (e.g., time since retreat, onset interruption surface processes, abiotic factors, dispersal, interactions) interact to shape formation and, ultimately, their functional structure through succession. Here, we examine these address key questions about dynamics show classical approaches increasingly being combined with environmental DNA metabarcoding trait analysis document multitrophic communities, revolutionizing occur following retreat.

Language: Английский

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Structural and functional responses of invertebrate communities to climate change and flow regulation in alpine catchments

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 1612 - 1628

Published: Jan. 30, 2019

Abstract Understanding and predicting how biological communities respond to climate change is critical for assessing biodiversity vulnerability guiding conservation efforts. Glacier‐ snow‐fed rivers are one of the most sensitive ecosystems change, can provide early warning wider‐scale changes. These frequently used hydropower production but there minimal understanding influenced by in a context flow regulation. This study sheds light on this issue disentangling structural (water temperature preference, taxonomic composition, alpha, beta gamma diversities) functional (functional traits, diversity, richness, evenness, dispersion redundancy) effects interaction with regulation Alps. For this, we compared environmental aquatic invertebrate data collected 1970s 2010s regulated unregulated alpine catchments. We hypothesized replacement cold‐adapted species warming‐tolerant ones, high temporal spatial turnover taxa trait along reduced diversities consequence change. expected more drastically due additive or synergistic between found divergent convergent responses free‐flowing Although decreased both them, greater colonization spread thermophilic was one, resulting higher turnover. Since 1970s, diversity increased free flowing catchment biotic homogenization. Colonization new strategies (i.e. multivoltine small body size, resistance forms, aerial reproduction clutches) redundancy through time. changes could jeopardize ability facing intensification ongoing anthropogenic disturbances.

Language: Английский

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Glacier retreat reorganizes river habitats leaving refugia for Alpine invertebrate biodiversity poorly protected

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 841 - 851

Published: May 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Physical and biological controls on fine sediment transport and storage in rivers

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Water, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Dec. 25, 2018

Excess fine sediment, comprising particles <2 mm in diameter, is a major cause of ecological degradation rivers. The erosion sediment from terrestrial or aquatic sources, its delivery to the river, and storage transport fluvial environment are controlled by complex interplay physical, biological, anthropogenic factors. While physical controls exerted on dynamics relatively well‐documented, role biological processes their interactions with hydraulic physicochemical phenomena has been largely overlooked. activities biota, primary producers predators, exert strong deposition, infiltration, resuspension. For example, extracellular polymeric substances associated biofilms increase deposition decrease In lower energy rivers, macrophyte growth senescence intimately linked retention loss, whereas riparian trees dominant ecosystem engineers high systems. Fish invertebrates also have profound effects through that drive both particle depending species composition abiotic conditions. functional traits present will determine not only these biotic but responses river ecosystems excess sediment. We discuss which involved put them into context spatial occur throughout network. strides towards better understanding impacts made, further progress identify most effective management approaches urgently required close communication between authorities scientists. This article categorized under: Water Life > Nature Freshwater Ecosystems Stresses Pressures Science Quality

Language: Английский

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Are drivers of root-associated fungal community structure context specific?

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1330 - 1344

Published: Jan. 28, 2019

Abstract The composition and structure of plant-root-associated fungal communities are determined by local abiotic biotic conditions. However, the relative influence identity relationships to factors may differ across environmental ecological contexts, functional groups. Thus, understanding which aspects root-associated community ecology generalise contexts is first step towards a more predictive framework. We investigated how importance scale using high-throughput sequencing (ca. 55 M Illumina metabarcoding sequences) &gt;260 from six UK salt marshes two geographic regions (South-East North-West England) in winter summer. Levels diversity were comparable with forests temperate grasslands, quadrupling previous estimates salt-marsh diversity. Whilst variables generally most important, range site- spatial scale-specific drivers observed. Consequently, models trained on one site, extrapolated poorly others. Fungal taxa same groups responded similarly specific composition. Thus group key that, if accounted for, lead ecology.

Language: Английский

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