Linkages between flow regime, biota, and ecosystem processes: Implications for river restoration

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 365(6459)

Published: Sept. 19, 2019

River ecosystems are highly biodiverse, influence global biogeochemical cycles, and provide valued services. However, humans increasingly degrading fluvial by altering their streamflows. Effective river restoration requires advancing our mechanistic understanding of how flow regimes affect biota ecosystem processes. Here, we review emerging advances in hydroecology relevant to this goal. Spatiotemporal variation exerts direct indirect control on the composition, structure, dynamics communities at local regional scales. Streamflows also processes, such as nutrient uptake transformation, organic matter processing, metabolism. We deepening biological not just static patterns, affected stream research nexus flow-biota-ecosystem processes is an early stage. illustrate frontier with evidence from altered regulated rivers urban streams. identify challenges that should be prioritized advance process-based restoration.

Language: Английский

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Does functional redundancy affect ecological stability and resilience? A review and meta‐analysis

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(7)

Published: July 1, 2020

Abstract In light of rapid shifts in biodiversity associated with human impacts, there is an urgent need to understand how changing patterns impact ecosystem function. Functional redundancy hypothesized promote ecological resilience and stability, as function communities more redundant species (those that perform similar functions) should be buffered against the loss individual species. While functional being increasingly quantified, few studies have linked differences across outcomes. We conducted a review meta‐analysis determine whether empirical evidence supports asserted link between stability resilience. reviewed 423 research articles assembled data set 32 from 15 aquatic terrestrial ecosystems. Overall, mean correlation stability/resilience was positive. The positive effect greater for which measured richness within groups (vs. metrics independent richness), but itself not correlated size. results this indicate may positively affect community disturbance, work needed including experimental studies, partitioning effects, links functions.

Language: Английский

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The recovery of European freshwater biodiversity has come to a halt

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 620(7974), P. 582 - 588

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Owing to a long history of anthropogenic pressures, freshwater ecosystems are among the most vulnerable biodiversity loss

Language: Английский

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Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1388 - 1423

Published: April 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. differentiation, in turn, increasing Overall, changes the dissimilarities (termed ‘beta diversity’) an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change Anthropocene. Empirical evidence biotic and differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta‐analyses quantify prevalence direction beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying drivers such changes. By conceptualising mechanisms that contribute or composition space, environmental managers conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required sustain predict potential outcomes future disturbances. We systematically reviewed synthesised published empirical for terrestrial, marine, freshwater realms derive conceptual models explain diversity. pursued five key themes our review: ( i ) temporal change; ii disturbance regime; iii connectivity alteration species redistribution; iv habitat v trophic interactions. Our first model highlights how occur function local (alpha) diversity regional (gamma) independently invasions losses due occurrence assemblages. Second, magnitude depends on interaction between variation (patchiness) (synchronicity) events. Third, context redistribution, divergent have dispersal characteristics, associated with also strongly alpha gamma prior invasion. Fourth, positively linked variability, when heterogeneity decreases increases, respectively. Fifth, interactions influence via modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, by altering ecosystem productivity. synthesis multitude cause more less spatially similar (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through consider studies should aim enhance collective understanding systems clarifying driving focusing only reporting per se .

Language: Английский

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Human activities' fingerprint on multitrophic biodiversity and ecosystem functions across a major river catchment in China

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 6867 - 6879

Published: Sept. 16, 2020

Abstract Human‐induced global change dramatically alters individual aspects of river biodiversity, such as taxonomic, phylogenetic or functional diversity, and is predicted to lead losses associated ecosystem functions. Understanding these dependencies are critical human well‐being. Until now, however, most studies have only looked either at organismal groups single functions, little known on the effect activities multitrophic biodiversity multifunctionality in riverine ecosystem. Here we profiled from bacteria invertebrates based environmental DNA (hereafter, ‘eDNA’) samples across a major catchment China, analysed their with multiple especially linked C/N/P‐cycling. Firstly, found spatial cross‐taxon congruence pattern communities' structure network Shaying river, which was related strong filtering due land use. Secondly, use explained decline multifaceted but increased redundancy Thirdly, function relationships an integrative level showed concave‐up (non‐saturating) shape. Finally, structural equation modeling suggested that affects functions through biodiversity‐mediated pathways, including loss altered community interdependence groups. Our study highlights value complete inclusive assessment for integrated land‐use management ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Bending the curve of global freshwater biodiversity loss: what are the prospects?

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

ABSTRACT Freshwater biodiversity conservation has received substantial attention in the scientific literature and is finally being recognized policy frameworks such as Global Biodiversity Framework its associated targets for 2030. This important progress. Nonetheless, freshwater species continue to be confronted with high levels of imperilment widespread ecosystem degradation. An Emergency Recovery Plan (ERP) proposed 2020 comprises six measures intended “bend curve” loss, if they are widely adopted adequately supported. We review evidence suggesting that combined intensity persistent emerging threats become so serious current projected efforts preserve, protect restore inland‐water ecosystems may insufficient avert losses coming decades. In particular, climate change, complex harmful impacts, will frustrate attempts prevent from already affected by multiple threats. Interactions among these limit recovery populations exacerbate declines resulting local or even global extinctions, especially low‐viability degraded fragmented ecosystems. addition impediments represented we identify several other areas where absolute scarcity fresh water, inadequate information predictive capacity, a failure mitigate anthropogenic stressors, liable set limits on biodiversity. Implementation ERP rapidly at scale through many dispersed actions focused regions intense threat, together an intensification ex‐situ efforts, necessary preserve native during increasingly uncertain climatic future which poorly understood, emergent interacting have more influential. But implementation must accompanied improve energy food security humans – without further compromising condition Unfortunately, political policies arrest environmental challenges change do not inspire confidence about possible success ERP. parts world, Anthropocene seems certain include extended periods uncontaminated surface runoff inevitably appropriated humans. Unless there step‐change societal awareness commitment biodiversity, established methods protecting bend curve enough continued degradation loss.

Language: Английский

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Taxonomic and functional homogenisation of macroinvertebrate communities in recently intermittent Alpine watercourses

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 65(12), P. 2096 - 2107

Published: Aug. 26, 2020

Abstract Mountain streams in southwestern European Alps are currently shifting from perennial to intermittent flow due the combined effects of climate change and local anthropogenic pressures. Given that intermittency is a recently documented phenomenon Alps, only scattered studies have investigated functional taxonomical diversity benthic invertebrate communities Alpine streams. We used hierarchical sampling design investigate patterns taxonomic 13 north‐west Italy. April 2017, we sampled two reaches each stream with different hydrological conditions: control reach, permanent flow; an which experienced non‐flow periods summer. tested for response richness at multiple spatial scales by partitioning total into average variation among both within reaches. By ( γ ) its α turnover β components showed decrease regional species reaches, whereas was significantly lower reach scale only. The analysis multidimensional trait space macroinvertebrate conditions revealed significant reduction diversity, dispersion, evenness There overdispersion as these hosted typical taxa organisms adapted intermittency. In particular, observed replacement aquatic respiration those preferring medium‐ fast‐flowing oligotrophic waters lentic habitats, air breathing larval dormancy phases. These results indicate recent has caused drastic changes Our work highlights importance integrating thoroughly assess impacts

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals the impact of different land use on multitrophic biodiversity in riverine systems

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 855, P. 158958 - 158958

Published: Sept. 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Climate change and the biodiversity of alpine ponds: Challenges and perspectives

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Inland waters are among the most threatened biodiversity hotspots. Ponds located in alpine areas experiencing more rapid and dramatic water temperature increases than any other biome. Despite their prevalence, ponds responses to climate change have been poorly explored, reflecting small size difficult access. To understand effects of on pond biodiversity, we performed a comprehensive literature review for papers published since 1955. Through analysis geographic distribution, environmental features, values, identified which factors related would direct or indirect biodiversity. We then synthesized this information produce conceptual model Increased temperature, reduced hydroperiod, loss connectivity between were main drivers leading predictable changes spatial patterns three major research gaps that, if addressed, can guide conservation restoration strategies an uncertain future.

Language: Английский

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What explains the variation in dam impacts on riverine macroinvertebrates? A global quantitative synthesis

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(12), P. 124028 - 124028

Published: Oct. 27, 2020

Abstract Dams have fragmented rivers and threatened aquatic biodiversity globally. However, the findings regarding dam impacts on riverine macroinvertebrates vary across regions taxa. We conducted a global meta-analysis to quantify effects of dams macroinvertebrate assemblages (i.e. species richness abundance) based 3849 data points extracted from 54 publications. Responses varied among climatic zones, altitudes, sizes height), downstream distances dams, taxonomic groups. The overall effect size was negative, while that abundance positive but different types. Richness reductions were most pronounced in cold high-altitude least tropical low-altitude regions, increases more obvious regions. Macroinvertebrate reduction increase coupled when slightly decreased, significant, vice versa) under influence heights, dams. Furthermore, groups responded variably with stoneflies (Plecoptera), caddisflies (Trichoptera) true bugs (Hemiptera) being sensitive significant richness) taxa examined. primarily attributed changes substrate composition coarse fine substrates), potentially caused by replacements at sites. Collectively, our results contribute improving prediction are valuable for guiding assessment monitoring river ecosystems, as well sustainable development, planning restoration.

Language: Английский

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