Climatic controls of decomposition drive the global biogeography of forest-tree symbioses

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 569(7756), P. 404 - 408

Published: May 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Climate change effects on plant-soil feedbacks and consequences for biodiversity and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 5(11)

Published: Nov. 1, 2019

By affecting plant-soil feedbacks, climate change will alter plant distribution and performance overall ecosystem functioning.

Language: Английский

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Multidimensional tropical forest recovery

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6573), P. 1370 - 1376

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Tropical forests disappear rapidly because of deforestation, yet they have the potential to regrow naturally on abandoned lands. We analyze how 12 forest attributes recover during secondary succession and their recovery is interrelated using 77 sites across tropics. are highly resilient low-intensity land use; after 20 years, attain 78% (33 100%) old-growth values. Recovery 90% values fastest for soil (<1 decade) plant functioning (<2.5 decades), intermediate structure species diversity (2.5 6 slowest biomass composition (>12 decades). Network analysis shows three independent clusters attribute recovery, related structure, diversity, composition. Secondary should be embraced as a low-cost, natural solution ecosystem restoration, climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation.

Language: Английский

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Deforestation and reforestation impacts on soils in the tropics

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(11), P. 590 - 605

Published: Sept. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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Wet and dry tropical forests show opposite successional pathways in wood density but converge over time

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 928 - 934

Published: April 22, 2019

Language: Английский

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The role of land‐use history in driving successional pathways and its implications for the restoration of tropical forests

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 96(4), P. 1114 - 1134

Published: March 12, 2021

ABSTRACT Secondary forests are increasingly important components of human‐modified landscapes in the tropics. Successional pathways, however, can vary enormously across and within landscapes, with divergent regrowth rates, vegetation structure species composition. While climatic edaphic conditions drive variations regions, land‐use history plays a central role driving alternative successional pathways landscapes. How land use affects succession depends on its intensity, spatial extent, frequency, duration management practices, is mediated by complex combination mechanisms acting different ecosystem at temporal scales. We review literature aiming to provide comprehensive understanding underlying long‐lasting effects tropical forest discuss implications for restoration. organize it following framework based hierarchical model ecological filtering theory. This shows that our knowledge mostly derived from studies Neotropical regenerating after abandonment shifting cultivation or pasture systems. Vegetation component assessed most often. Little known regarding how recovery belowground processes microbiota communities affected previous history. In published studies, has been characterized type, without discrimination frequency. compile metrics used describe history, facilitate future studies. The ( i ) availability transformations landscape affect dispersal, practices seed predation, which composition diversity propagules site. Once successfully reaches an abandoned field, establishment performance dependent resistance tolerance (modified) soil conditions, herbivory, competition weeds invasive species, facilitation remnant trees. ii Structural compositional divergences early stages remain decades, suggesting play governing further functioning during succession. Management interventions could help enhance rates manipulate pathways. iii local defines limitations therefore potential natural regeneration restore properties effectively. summarized here enable identification efficiently promote restoration, where specific required foster Finally, characterization context essential understand define cost‐effective restoration strategies. Advancing these two aspects key finding generalizable relations will increase predictability efficiency under contexts.

Language: Английский

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Economic valuation of ecosystem services from secondary tropical forests: trade-offs and implications for policy making

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 473, P. 118294 - 118294

Published: June 13, 2020

Natural regeneration of secondary forests can be an important source recovery ecosystem services (ES) critical for humanity, especially climate change mitigation and adaptation goals. However, natural entails synergies trade-offs across ESs stakeholders. To evaluate these trade-offs, we assessed the economic value four along course a process tropical dry Pacific Coast Mexico, examined how this inform design Payment Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes incentivizing forest restoration. We estimated monetary two provisioning –forest products fodder calves–, using contingent valuation direct market methods, regulating –carbon stocks carbon sinks– voluntary prices social cost carbon. in stages: pasture, young (0 to 12 years regeneration), intermediate (between 25 old-growth (more than or primary forests). Results indicate that throughout process, there are changes magnitude between ESs. find clear trade-off early stages regeneration. as grow older recover, creating rather later Our results suggest PES aiming increase regulation should focus on sink potential forests, would provide greatest additionality mitigation. also showed relevance portfolio methods include wider range values understanding landholders' preferences. While with found have lowest compared other stages, landholders most because their – future land use (i.e. possibility converting it back pasture).

Language: Английский

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Functional recovery of secondary tropical forests

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(49)

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Significance Tropical forests disappear rapidly through deforestation but also have the potential to regrow naturally a process called secondary succession. To advance successional theory, it is essential understand how these and their assembly vary across broad spatial scales. We do so by synthesizing continental-scale patterns in succession using functional trait approach. show that start pathway of varies with climatic water availability. In dry forests, driven drought tolerance traits wet shade traits. Based on principles, we propose an ecologically sound strategy improve active forest restoration.

Language: Английский

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Higher leaf nitrogen content is linked to tighter stomatal regulation of transpiration and more efficient water use across dryland trees

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 235(4), P. 1351 - 1364

Published: May 18, 2022

Summary The least‐cost economic theory of photosynthesis shows that water and nitrogen are mutually substitutable resources to achieve a given carbon gain. However, vegetation in the Sahel has cope with dual challenge imposed by drought nutrient‐poor soils. We addressed how variation leaf per area (N ) modulates oxygen isotopic composition (δ 18 O, δ 13 C), as proxies stomatal conductance water‐use efficiency, across 34 Sahelian woody species. Dryland species exhibited diverging O C values, indicating large interspecific time‐integrated efficiency. Structural equation modeling revealed N is pivotal trait linked multiple traits. Leaf was positively both C, suggesting higher carboxylation capacity tighter regulation transpiration N‐rich species, which allows them efficiency more conservative use. These adaptations represent key physiological advantage such legumes, could contribute their dominance many dryland regions. This first report robust mechanistic link between consistent core principles plant physiology.

Language: Английский

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Evolution and biogeography of actinorhizal plants and legumes: A comparison

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(3), P. 1098 - 1121

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

Abstract The symbiosis between plants and nitrogen‐fixing bacteria is widespread among legumes actinorhizal within the root nodule (NFN) clade. However, there are major differences, as well similarities, in symbioses Frankia those of their associated rhizobia. This review provides an overview NFN symbioses. We outline evolution biogeography compare contrast microsymbionts symbiotic processes. Within clade, a far greater number nodulated exists, compared with plants, have much wider biogeographical distribution. There genetic physiological differences free‐living diazotrophic phylogenetically diverse rhizobia, most strains which unable to fix N 2 ex planta . Actinorhizal nodules modified lateral roots central vascular system, whereas legume stem‐like organs peripheral systems. Most contain symbiosomes, rather than infection threads found cells. Legumes control microsymbionts, Inverted Repeat Lacking Clade impose terminal differentiation on bacteroids. also effective processes for autoregulation nodulation downregulation fixation response high levels soil N. These features legume‐rhizobia led increased efficiencies fixation. Synthesis suggest that these characteristic symbiosis, specifically legumes' flexibility choice microsymbiont partner fixation, factors can explain why majority species Leguminosae retained ability nodulate how this has contributed evolutionary success.

Language: Английский

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