The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(45)

Published: Nov. 9, 2022

Effective policies to halt biodiversity loss require knowing which anthropogenic drivers are the most important direct causes. Whereas previous knowledge has been limited in scope and rigor, here we statistically synthesize empirical comparisons of recent driver impacts found through a wide-ranging review. We show that land/sea use change dominant worldwide. Direct exploitation natural resources ranks second pollution third; climate invasive alien species have significantly less than top two drivers. The oceans, where dominate, different hierarchy from land fresh water. It also varies among types indicators. For example, is more community composition changes populations. Stopping global requires actions tackle all major their interactions, not some them isolation.

Language: Английский

---

Airborne environmental DNA for terrestrial vertebrate community monitoring

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(3), P. 701 - 707.e5

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Biodiversity monitoring at the community scale is a critical element of assessing and studying species distributions, ecology, diversity, movements, it key to understanding tracking environmental anthropogenic effects on natural ecosystems.1Navarro L.M. Fernández N. Guerra C. Guralnick R. Kissling W.D. Londoño M.C. Muller-Karger F. Turak E. Balvanera P. Costello M.J. et al.Monitoring biodiversity change through effective global coordination.Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 2017; 29: 158-169Crossref Scopus (89) Google Scholar, 2Xu H. Cao Y. Yu D. M. He Gill Pereira H.M. Ensuring implementation post-2020 targets.Nat. Ecol. Evol. 2021; 5: 411-418Crossref PubMed (30) 3(2021). High time invest in biodiversity. Nat. 5, 263.Google 4Seibold S. Gossner M.M. Simons N.K. Blüthgen Müller J. Ambarli al.Arthropod decline grasslands forests associated with landscape-level drivers.Nature. 2019; 574: 671-674Crossref (391) Scholar Vertebrates terrestrial ecosystems are experiencing extinctions declines both population numbers sizes due increasing threats from human activities change.5Almond R.E.A. Grooten Petersen T. Living Planet Report 2020: Bending Curve Loss. WWF, 2020Google 6Ceballos G. Ehrlich P.R. Dirzo Biological annihilation via ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate losses declines.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 114: E6089-E6096Crossref (1031) 7Hughes J.B. Daily G.C. Population diversity: its extent extinction.Science. 1997; 278: 689-692Crossref (381) 8Gaston K.J. Fuller R.A. Commonness, depletion conservation biology.Trends 2008; 23: 14-19Abstract Full Text PDF (361) Terrestrial using existing methods generally costly laborious, although DNA (eDNA) becoming tool choice assess biodiversity, few sample types effectively capture diversity. We hypothesized that eDNA captured air could allow straightforward collection characterization communities. filtered three localities Copenhagen Zoo: stable, outside between outdoor enclosures, Rainforest House. Through metabarcoding airborne eDNA, we detected 49 spanning 26 orders 37 families: 30 mammal, 13 bird, 4 fish, 1 amphibian, reptile species. These spanned animals kept zoo, occurring zoo surroundings, used as feed zoo. The comprise range taxonomic families, sizes, behaviors, abundances. found shorter distance sampling device higher animal biomass increase probability detection. hereby show can offer fundamentally new way

Language: Английский

---

Diversifying crop rotation increases food production, reduces net greenhouse gas emissions and improves soil health

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Global food production faces challenges in balancing the need for increased yields with environmental sustainability. This study presents a six-year field experiment North China Plain, demonstrating benefits of diversifying traditional cereal monoculture (wheat–maize) cash crops (sweet potato) and legumes (peanut soybean). The diversified rotations increase equivalent yield by up to 38%, reduce N 2 O emissions 39%, improve system’s greenhouse gas balance 88%. Furthermore, including crop stimulates soil microbial activities, increases organic carbon stocks 8%, enhances health (indexed selected physiochemical biological properties) 45%. large-scale adoption cropping systems Plain could 32% when wheat–maize follows alternative rotation farmer income 20% while benefiting environment. provides an example sustainable practices, emphasizing significance diversification long-term agricultural resilience health.

Language: Английский

---

Global hotspots for soil nature conservation

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 610(7933), P. 693 - 698

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Achieving global biodiversity goals by 2050 requires urgent and integrated actions

One Earth, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 597 - 603

Published: June 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Genetic diversity goals and targets have improved, but remain insufficient for clear implementation of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Conservation Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 181 - 191

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Genetic diversity among and within populations of all species is necessary for people nature to survive thrive in a changing world. Over the past three years, commitments conserving genetic have become more ambitious specific under Convention on Biological Diversity's (CBD) draft post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF). This Perspective article comments how goals targets GBF evolved, improvements that are still needed, lessons learned from this process, connections between actions reporting will be needed maintain, protect, manage monitor diversity. It possible strives maintain species, restore connectivity, develop national conservation strategies, report these using proposed, feasible indicators.

Language: Английский

---

Genetic diversity and IUCN Red List status

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(4)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is an important and widely used tool conservation assessment. IUCN uses information about a species' range, population size, habitat quality fragmentation levels, trends in abundance to assess extinction risk. Genetic diversity not considered, although it affects Declining populations are more strongly affected by genetic drift higher rates inbreeding, which can reduce the efficiency selection, lead fitness declines, hinder capacities adapt environmental change. Given importance conserving diversity, attempts have been made find relationships between red-list status diversity. Yet, there still no consensus on whether captured current categories way that informative conservation. To predictive power correlations vertebrates, we synthesized previous work reanalyzed data sets based 3 types data: mitochondrial DNA, microsatellites, whole genomes. Consistent with work, species risk tended lower all marker types, but these were weak varied across taxa. Regardless type, did accurately identify threatened any taxonomic group. Our results indicate useful metric informing species-specific decisions protection cannot be threat absence demographic data. Thus, need develop metrics specifically designed inform policy, including policies recently adopted UN's Convention Biological Diversity Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.La diversidad genética y los estados de la Lista Roja UICN Resumen La Unión Internacional para Conservación Naturaleza (UICN) es una importante herramienta uso extendido evaluar conservación. utiliza datos sobre distribución tamaño poblacional especie, calidad niveles fragmentación su hábitat sus tendencias abundancia valorar riesgo extinción, A pesar que afecta al considera. deriva génica las tasas altas endogamia afectan con mayor fuerza poblaciones en declinación, lo puede reducir eficiencia selección, derivar disminución aptitud dificultar capacidad especie adaptarse ante el cambio ambiental. Se ha intentado encontrar relación entre estado listas rojas ya conservación muy importante. Aun anterior, hay un consenso actual si está capturada categorías vigentes manera sea informativa Para poder predictivo correlación vertebrados, sintetizamos trabajos previos analizamos nuevo conjuntos base tres tipos información genética: ADN mitocondrial, microsatélites genomas completos. Las especies extinción más alto fueron propensas baja todos marcadores, aunque estas relaciones débiles variaron taxones, cual coherente anteriores. Sin importar tipo marcador, fue identificador certero amenazadas ninguno grupos taxonómicos. Nuestros resultados indican lista roja medida útil guiar decisiones específicas por protección genética. También genéticos pueden usarse identificar amenaza se tienen demográficos. Por tanto, necesario desarrollar medidas diseñadas específicamente e informar políticas conservación, incluidas adoptó recientemente ONU Convenio del Marco Mundial Diversidad Biológica.

---

Drone-assisted collection of environmental DNA from tree branches for biodiversity monitoring

Science Robotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(74)

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

The protection and restoration of the biosphere is crucial for human resilience well-being, but scarcity data on status distribution biodiversity puts these efforts at risk. DNA released into environment by organisms, i.e., environmental (eDNA), can be used to monitor in a scalable manner if equipped with appropriate tool. However, collection eDNA terrestrial environments remains challenge because many potential surfaces sources that need surveyed their limited accessibility. Here, we propose survey sampling outer branches tree canopies an aerial robot. drone combines force-sensing cage haptic-based control strategy establish maintain contact upper surface branches. Surface then collected using adhesive integrated drone. We show autonomously land variety stiffnesses between 1 103 newton/meter without prior knowledge structural stiffness robustness linear angular misalignments. Validation natural demonstrates our method successful detecting animal species, including arthropods vertebrates. Combining robotics from unreachable aboveground substrates offer solution broad-scale monitoring biodiversity.

Language: Английский

---

Mapping the planet’s critical areas for biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Meeting global commitments to conservation, climate, and sustainable development requires consideration of synergies tradeoffs among targets. We evaluate the spatial congruence ecosystems providing globally high levels nature’s contributions people, biodiversity, areas with potential across several sectors. find that conserving approximately half land area through protection or management could provide 90% current ten people meet minimum representation targets for 26,709 terrestrial vertebrate species. This finding supports recent by national governments under Global Biodiversity Framework conserve at least 30% lands waters, proposals Earth. More than one-third required species are also highly suitable agriculture, renewable energy, oil gas, mining, urban expansion. indicates conflicts climate goals.

Language: Английский

---

Biodiversity conservation in the context of climate change: Facing challenges and management strategies

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 937, P. 173377 - 173377

Published: May 23, 2024

Language: Английский

---