Structural specializations of the sperm tail

Cell, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 186(13), P. 2880 - 2896.e17

Published: June 1, 2023

Sperm motility is crucial to reproductive success in sexually reproducing organisms. Impaired sperm movement causes male infertility, which increasing globally. are powered by a microtubule-based molecular machine—the axoneme—but it unclear how axonemal microtubules ornamented support diverse fertilization environments. Here, we present high-resolution structures of native doublet (DMTs) from sea urchin and bovine sperm, representing external internal fertilizers. We identify >60 proteins decorating DMTs; at least 15 associated 16 linked infertility. By comparing DMTs across species cell types, define core microtubule inner (MIPs) analyze evolution the tektin bundle. conserved microtubule-associated (MAPs) with unique tubulin-binding modes. Additionally, testis-specific serine/threonine kinase that links outer dense fibers mammalian sperm. Our study provides structural foundations for understanding evolution, motility, dysfunction level.

Language: Английский

---

A systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Exposure to extreme temperatures can negatively affect animal reproduction, by disrupting the ability of individuals produce any offspring (fertility), or number produced fertile (fecundity). This has important ecological consequences, because reproduction is ultimate measure population fitness: a reduction in reproductive output lowers growth rate and increases extinction risk. Despite this importance, there have been no large‐scale summaries evidence for effect temperature on reproduction. We provide systematic map studies testing relationship between systematically searched published that statistically test direct link terms fertility, fecundity indirect measures potential (gamete gonad traits). Overall, we collated large rich base, with 1654 papers met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 1191 species. The revealed several research gaps. Insects made up almost half dataset, but reptiles amphibians were uncommon, as non‐arthropod invertebrates. Fecundity was most common trait examined, relatively few measured fertility. It uncommon experimental exposure different life stages, short‐term heat cold shock, fluctuations, independently assess male female effects. Studies often journals focusing entomology pest control, ecology evolution, aquaculture fisheries science, marine biology. Finally, while sampled from every continent, strong sampling bias towards mid‐latitudes Northern Hemisphere, such tropics polar regions are less well sampled. reveals literature also uncovers substantial missing treatment taxa, traits, thermal regimes. database will valuable resource future quantitative meta‐analyses, aiming fill identified

Language: Английский

---

The evolution of centriole degradation in mouse sperm

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Centrioles are subcellular organelles found at the cilia base with an evolutionarily conserved structure and a shock absorber-like function. In sperm, centrioles flagellum essential for embryo development in basal animals. Yet, sperm have evolved diverse forms, sometimes acting like transmission system, as cattle, becoming dispensable, house mice. How centriole to become dispensable some organisms is unclear. Here, we test hypothesis that this transition occurred through cascade of evolutionary changes proteins, structure, function was possibly driven by competition. We final steps associated change primary centriolar inner scaffold protein FAM161A rodents. This information provides first insight into molecular mechanisms adaptive evolution underlying major within internal mammalian neck.

Language: Английский

---

SpermTree, a species-level database of sperm morphology spanning the animal tree of life

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Abstract Sperm are the most morphologically variable cell type known, despite performing same functional role of fertilizing eggs across all sexually reproducing species. morphology commonly varies among individuals, populations, closely related species, and animal phyla. has long been used as a tool for placing species in phylogenetic context range selective forces hypothesized to influence sperm evolution diversification. However, we currently lack robust examinations macroevolutionary (i.e. phyla) patterns evolution, due largely challenges comparing morphological data tree life. Here describe SpermTree database, which represents 5,675 descriptions from 4,705 unique 27 This dataset includes measurements head, midpiece, flagellum total length, latter spans four orders magnitude. All entries matched accepted scientific names taxonomic databases, facilitating use these analyses examining animals.

Language: Английский

---

The Centriole’s Role in Miscarriages

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 1, 2022

Centrioles are subcellular organelles essential for normal cell function and development; they form the cell's centrosome (a major cytoplasmic microtubule organization center) cilium sensory motile hair-like cellular extension). with evolutionarily conserved characteristics found in most animal types but absent egg cells exhibit unexpectedly high structural, compositional, functional diversity sperm cells. As a result, centriole's precise role fertility early embryo development is unclear. The centrioles spermatozoan neck, strategic location connecting two central units: tail, which propels to head, holds paternal genetic material. neck an ideal site evolutionary innovation as it can control tail movement pre-fertilization male pronucleus' behavior post-fertilization. We propose that human, bovine, other mammals-which ancestral centriole-dependent reproduction centrioles, where one canonical centriole maintained, atypical formed-adapted extensive species-specific centriolar features. these have post-fertilization malfunction rate, resulting aneuploidy, miscarriages. In contrast, house mice evolved centriole-independent reproduction, losing overcoming mechanism causes

Language: Английский

---

Functional Diversity and Evolution of the Drosophila Sperm Proteome

Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(10), P. 100281 - 100281

Published: Aug. 17, 2022

Spermatozoa are central to fertilization and the evolutionary fitness of sexually reproducing organisms. As such, a deeper understanding sperm proteomes (and associated reproductive tissues) has proven critical advancement fields sexual selection biology. Due their extraordinary complexity, proteome depth-of-coverage is dependent on advancements in technology related bioinformatics, both which have made significant decade since last Drosophila was published. Here, we provide an updated version melanogaster (DmSP3) using improved separation detection methods genome annotation. Combined with previous versions proteome, DmSP3 contains total 3176 proteins, first label-free quantitation for 2125 proteins. The top 20 most abundant proteins included structural elements α- β-tubulins leucyl-aminopeptidases. Both gene content protein abundance were significantly reduced X chromosome, consistent prior genomic studies chromosome evolution. We identified 9 16 Y-linked including known testis-specific male fertility factors. also almost one-half ribosomal DmSP3. role this subset unknown. Surprisingly, our expanded 122 seminal fluid (Sfps), originally accessory glands. show that fraction 'sperm-associated Sfps' recalcitrant concentrated salt detergent treatments, suggesting subclass Sfps expressed testes may additional functions sperm, per se. Overall, results add growing landscape biology particular provides quantitative evidence at level findings supporting meiotic sex-chromosome inactivation model male-specific

Language: Английский

---

Fertilization mode differentially impacts the evolution of vertebrate sperm components

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Abstract Environmental change frequently drives morphological diversification, including at the cellular level. Transitions in environment where fertilization occurs (i.e., mode) are hypothesized to be a driver of extreme diversity sperm morphology observed animals. Yet how mode impacts evolution components—head, midpiece, and flagellum—each with different functional roles that must act as an integrated unit remains unclear. Here, we test this hypothesis by examining component lengths across 1103 species vertebrates varying (external vs. internal fertilization). Sperm length is explained part vertebrates, but influences varies among components vertebrate clades. We also identify evolutionary responses not influenced mode: midpieces evolve rapidly both external fertilizers. Fertilization thus through complex component- clade-specific responses.

Language: Английский

---

A Guided Tour of Phylogenetic Comparative Methods for Studying Trait Evolution

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1), P. 181 - 204

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Phylogenetic comparative methods are important tools in biology, providing insights into the way traits evolve. There many technical resources describing how these work. Our aim here is to complement with an overview of types biological questions that can be addressed by different and outline potential pitfalls considerations when embarking on studies. First, we introduce what why they important. Second, used understand when, where, frequently Third, examine coevolution within between species studied, along patterns causality. Finally, discuss approach analyses ways which data, such as published relationships, omic, remote sensing integrated.

Language: Английский

---

Male germ cells with Bag5 deficiency show reduced spermiogenesis and exchange of basic nuclear proteins

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 82(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Bcl-2 associated athanogene-5 (BAG5) represents a unique BAG cochaperone family member, regulating chaperone activity. We first demonstrated significant differences in Bag5 expression by RNA seq analysis of teratozoospermia and healthy male sperm samples, but the genetic molecular mechanisms governing this process remain elusive. further found that BAG5 has highest human mouse testes. is elevated late stage pachytene spermatocytes spermatids. Targeted inactivation mice induces massive apoptosis germ cells abrogates infertility. The ordered loading basic nuclear proteins on chromatin altered, with lost TNPs PRMs, resulting severe head deformity partial 9 + 2 microtubule structure disorder. In terms mechanism, immunoprecipitation (IP)-mass spectroscopy (MS) revealed interacts HSPA2, testis-specific HSP70 member transcription transition protein as well spermatogenesis. RNA-sequencing assessment deficient testis confirmed participation transcriptional repression changes Hspa2 expression. deficiency resulted decreased levels cell subsequent inappropriate deposition condensation. Decreased patients non-obstructive azoospermia oligoasthenospermia were also detected. These results uncovered an intriguing HSPA2-mediated key function BAG5, which may constitute potential prognostic biomarker

Language: Английский

---

The ancient and helical architecture of Elasmobranchii’s spermatozoa enables progressive motility in viscous environments

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0319354 - e0319354

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Subclass Elasmobranchii belongs to an old evolutionary class of Chondrichthyes that diverged 450 mya, presenting a wide diversity reproductive strategies while preserving the ancient mode internal fertilization. Despite such success, many species in this group are at serious risk extinction. Understanding principles sperm progressive motility and physiology vertebrates is crucial for advancing future assisted techniques safeguard deepening our understanding evolution reproduction. possess big spermatozoa (compared bony fishes) with elongated helical head tail similar one currently existing (but later diverged) birds, reptiles, amphibians, which can be considered ancient. These structures may associated necessity penetrate viscous ovarian fluid or jelly layer eggs, suggesting environmental viscosity as driving pressure shaping large-sized heads into shapes through evolution. We observed high-speed video microscopy capture flagellar motion three species: freshwater ray Potamotrygon motoro , marine skate Raja asterias shark Scyliorhinus canicula . investigated effect on parameters its ability break free from spermatozeugmata, move progressively, perform directional changes. After 20 min observation, spermatozeugmata conserved their structure low media 1000 mOsm/kg osmolality. In comparison, no remaining could found high-viscosity 2% methylcellulose (MC) all due motion. find spermatozoa’s unique head-to-flagellum architecture specific promote locomotion fluid; they cannot progressively viscosity. The highest velocity was 0.75% MC 1% sperm. Viscosity stabilizes propagation, producing rotational forces allowing “screw” media. Our observations suggest surrounding critical enabling control direction via newly buckling high As such, key element controlling regulating performance navigation during fertilization species.

Language: Английский

---