Functional diversity enhances dryland forest productivity under long-term climate change

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(17)

Published: April 24, 2024

Short-term experimental studies provided evidence that plant diversity increases ecosystem resilience and resistance to drought events, suggesting serve as a nature-based solution address climate change. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of are momentary or still hold over long term in natural forests ensure sustainability carbon sinks. By analyzing 57 years inventory data from dryland Canada, we show productivity decreased at an average rate 1.3% per decade, concert with temporally increasing temperature decreasing water availability. Increasing functional trait its minimum (monocultures) maximum value increased by 13%. Our results demonstrate potential role tree alleviating change impacts on forests. While recognizing mitigation (e.g., planting trees) can only be partial solutions, their long-term (decadal) efficacy improved enhancing across forest community.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting carbon cycle along tropical forest aridity gradients in West Africa and Amazonia

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 11, 2024

Abstract Tropical forests cover large areas of equatorial Africa and play a substantial role in the global carbon cycle. However, there has been lack biometric measurements to understand forests’ gross net primary productivity (GPP, NPP) their allocation. Here we present detailed field assessment budget multiple forest sites Africa, by monitoring 14 one-hectare plots along an aridity gradient Ghana, West Africa. When compared with equivalent Amazonia, studied African generally had higher lower use efficiency (CUE). The consistently shows highest NPP, CUE, GPP, autotrophic respiration at medium-aridity site, Bobiri. Notably, NPP GPP site are yet reported anywhere for intact forests. Widely used data products substantially underestimate when Amazonia Our analysis suggests that high is linked allocation canopy semi-deciduous characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Critical slowing down of the Amazon forest after increased drought occurrence

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(22)

Published: May 20, 2024

Dynamic ecosystems, such as the Amazon forest, are expected to show critical slowing down behavior, or slower recovery from recurrent small perturbations, they approach an ecological threshold a different ecosystem state. Drought occurrences becoming more prevalent across Amazon, with known negative effects on forest health and functioning, but their actual role in patterns still remains elusive. In this study, we evaluate effect of trends extreme drought temporal autocorrelation (TAC) satellite-derived indices vegetation activity, indicator down, between 2001 2019. Differentiating frequency, intensity, duration, investigate respective response. Our results indicate that intensity droughts is important driver than although impacts vary regions. addition, areas variable precipitation already less ecologically stable need fewer induce down. We present findings indicating most region does not increasing trend TAC. However, predicted increase frequency could potentially transition significant portions into state altered functionality.

Language: Английский

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Tropical forests in the Americas are changing too slowly to track climate change

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6738)

Published: March 6, 2025

Understanding the capacity of forests to adapt climate change is pivotal importance for conservation science, yet this still widely unknown. This knowledge gap particularly acute in high-biodiversity tropical forests. Here, we examined how Americas have shifted community trait composition recent decades as a response changes climate. Based on historical trait-climate relationships, found that, overall, studied functional traits show shifts less than 8% what would be expected given observed However, recruit assemblage shows 21% relative expectation. The most diverse Earth are changing but at rate that fundamentally insufficient track change.

Language: Английский

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Horizontal mitochondrial transfer as a novel bioenergetic tool for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: May 24, 2024

Abstract Intercellular mitochondrial transfer (MT) is a newly discovered form of cell-to-cell signalling involving the active incorporation healthy mitochondria into stressed/injured recipient cells, contributing to restoration bioenergetic profile and cell viability, reduction inflammatory processes normalisation calcium dynamics. Recent evidence has shown that MT can occur through multiple cellular structures mechanisms: tunneling nanotubes (TNTs), via gap junctions (GJs), mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) other mechanisms (cell fusion, extrusion migrasome-mediated mitocytosis) in different contexts, such as under physiological (tissue homeostasis stemness maintenance) pathological conditions (hypoxia, inflammation cancer). As Mesenchimal Stromal/ Stem Cells (MSC)-mediated emerged critical regulatory restorative mechanism for tissue regeneration damage repair recent years, its potential stem therapy received increasing attention. In particular, therapeutic role MSCs been reported several articles, suggesting enhance after injury membrane vesicle release. For these reasons, this review, we will discuss MSCs-mediated effects on diseases neuronal, ischaemic, vascular pulmonary diseases. Therefore, understanding molecular demonstrating efficacy could be an important milestone lays foundation future clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Valuing the functionality of tropical ecosystems beyond carbon

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 1109 - 1111

Published: Oct. 3, 2023

Land-based carbon sequestration projects, such as tree planting, are a prominent strategy to offset emissions. However, we risk reducing natural ecosystems one metric – carbon. Emphasis on restoring balance ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, and is more appropriate protect their functioning.

Language: Английский

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Enhanced carbon emission driven by the interaction between functional microbial community and hydrocarbons: An enlightenment for carbon cycle

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 867, P. 161402 - 161402

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Inconsistent Variations in Components of Functional Stability Under Heterogeneous Conditions: A Case Study from the Maolan Karst Forest Ecosystems in Guizhou Province, Southwest of China

Forests, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 304 - 304

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Human-induced environmental changes threaten the functional stability of natural forest ecosystems. Understanding dominant factors influencing both space and in extremely heterogeneous environments is crucial for elucidating Here, 30 dynamic plots were established along successional pathway Maolan National Nature Reserve Southwest China. By measuring 15,725 stems across 286 distinct species’ six key plant traits, we constructed traits quantified redundancy (FR) vulnerability (FV) to represent stability, further utilized line model multiple linear regression explore biotic/abiotic indicators degraded karst forests. Additionally, as unfolded, contribution overall increased, from 59.85% 66.64%. These included specific leaf area (SLA), dry matter content (LDMC), thickness (LT) nitrogen (LNC), which played a role driving space. With increasing species richness (FR), entities (p < 0.001) FR while FV 0.01) decreased. The results also demonstrated higher forests (FR > 2). However, over 51% FEs consisted single species, with majority clustered into few (FEs), indicating an elevated level Soil nutrient availability significantly influences ecosystem’s explaining 87% variability 100% variability. Finally, rich SR could provide sufficient insurance effects; soil pH available potassium (AK) enhance resilience, exchangeable calcium (Eca), total phosphorus (TP) (TK) indicate resistance This study highlights complex mechanisms extreme habitat conditions, thereby deepening our understanding ecosystem function maintenance.

Language: Английский

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Automatic Mapping of 10 m Tropical Evergreen Forest Cover in Central African Republic with Sentinel-2 Dynamic World Dataset

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 722 - 722

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Tropical evergreen forests represent the richest biodiversity in terrestrial ecosystems, and fine spatial-temporal resolution mapping of these is essential for study conservation this vital natural resource. The current methods tropical frequently exhibit coarse spatial lengthy production cycles. This can be attributed to inherent challenges associated with monitoring diverse surface changes persistence cloudy, rainy conditions tropics. We propose a novel approach automatically map annual 10 m forest covers from 2017 2023 Sentinel-2 Dynamic World dataset biodiversity-rich conservation-sensitive Central African Republic (CAR). Copernicus Global Land Cover Layers (CGLC) Forest Change (GFC) products were used first track stable samples. Then, initial cover maps generated by determining threshold each yearly median probability maps. From 2023, modified finally produced NEFI (Non-Evergreen Index) images estimated thresholds. results proposed method achieved an overall accuracy >94.10% Cohen’s Kappa >87.63% across all years (F1-Score > 94.05%), which represents significant improvement over performance previous methods, including CGLC based on World. Our findings demonstrate that provides detailed characteristics time-series change Republic, substantial consistency years.

Language: Английский

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Canopy functional trait variation across Earth’s tropical forests

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Tropical forest canopies are the biosphere's most concentrated atmospheric interface for carbon, water and energy1,2. However, in Earth System Models, diverse heterogeneous tropical biome is represented as a largely uniform ecosystem with either singular or small number of fixed canopy ecophysiological properties3. This situation arises, part, from lack understanding about how why functional properties vary geographically4. Here, by combining field-collected data more than 1,800 vegetation plots tree traits satellite remote-sensing, terrain, climate soil data, we predict variation across 13 morphological, structural chemical trees, use this to compute map diversity forests. Our findings reveal that Americas, Africa Asia tend occupy different portions total trait space available American forests predicted have 40% greater richness African Asian Meanwhile, highest divergence-32% 7% higher forests, respectively. An uncertainty analysis highlights priority regions further collection, which would refine improve these maps. predictions represent ground-based remotely enabled global space.

Language: Английский

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