Comparative study of gut microbiota reveals the adaptive strategies of gibbons living in suboptimal habitats

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract Wild animals face numerous challenges in less ideal habitats, including the lack of food as well changes diet. Understanding how gut microbiomes wild adapt to resources within suboptimal habitats is critical for their survival. Therefore, we conducted a longitudinal sampling three gibbon species living high-quality ( Nomascus hainanus ) and concolor Hoolock tianxing address dynamics microbiome assembly over one year. The exhibited significantly different microbial diversity composition. N. showed lowest alpha highest nestedness, suggesting more specialized potentially stable community terms composition, while H. displayed high turnover low reflecting dynamic ecosystem, which may indicate greater sensitivity environmental or flexible response habitat variability. was influenced by homogeneous selection deterministic process, primarily driven Prevotellaceae. In contrast, communities were dispersal limitation stochastic Acholeplasmataceae Fibrobacterota, respectively. Further, patterns leaf feeding differed from those other two species. conclusion, this first cross-species comparative study provides initial insights into ecological adaptive strategies point assembly, could contribute long-term conservation primates.

Language: Английский

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Diversity in chemical subunits and linkages: a key molecular determinant of microbial richness, microbiota interactions, and substrate utilization

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 6, 2025

Dietary fibers play a significant role in shaping the composition and function of microbial communities human colon. Our understanding specific chemical traits dietary that influence diversity, interactions, remains limited. Toward filling this knowledge gap, we developed novel measure, termed Chemical Subunits Linkages (CheSL) Shannon to characterize effects carbohydrate complexity on fecal bacteria cultured vitro under controlled, continuous flow conditions using media systematically varied composition. analysis revealed CheSL diversity demonstrated strong Pearson correlation with richness across multiple samples study designs. Additionally, observed higher scores exhibited greater peptide utilization more connected, reproducible structures computationally inferred interaction networks. Taken together, these findings demonstrate can be useful tool quantify metabolic potential, interactions. Furthermore, our work highlights how robust stable community data generated by engineering structure. These studies provide valuable framework for future research interactions their potential impacts host health.IMPORTANCEFor adult gut microbiota, strongly correlates positive health outcomes. This is likely due increased resilience results from functional redundancy occur within diverse communities. While previous have shown microbiota function, lack complete mechanistic differences are functionally impact diversity. To address need, measure describes complexity. Using were able correlate changes alterations interspecies Overall, analyses new perspectives optimization strategies improve health.

Language: Английский

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A type 4 resistant potato starch alters the cecal microbiome, gene expression and resistance to colitis in mice fed a Western diet based on NHANES data

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Feeding Versafibe 1490, a type 4 resistant starch, alters the cecal microbiome, gene expression and resistance to colitis in mice fed Western diet.

Language: Английский

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Biotic resistance predictably shifts microbial invasion regimes

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 27, 2025

Abstract Invading new territory is a central aspect of the microbial lifestyle. However, invading microbes rarely find novel territories uninhabited; resident can interact with newcomers and, in many cases, impede their invasion – an effect known as ‘biotic resistance’. Accordingly, invasions are shaped by interplay between dispersal and resistance. these two factors difficult to disentangle or manipulate natural systems, making challenging understand. To address this challenge, we track lab over space time first model system interacting microbes, then multi-strain involving pathogen communities. In presence biotic resistance, observe three qualitatively different regimes: ‘consistent’, ‘pulsed’, ‘pinned’, where, third regime, strong resistance stalls entirely despite ongoing invader dispersal. These rich dynamics could be predicted simple, parameter-free framework that ignores individual species interactions, even for rather complex Moreover, show simple accurately predict simulated from mechanistic models, indicating its broad applicability. Our work offers understanding how impacts introduces predictive tool identify invasion-resistant

Language: Английский

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Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts confers stronger protection against enterocolitis development in an immunological mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease

mSystems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(6)

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

To our knowledge, IL-10-KO mice have not previously been used to investigate the interactions of host, microbiota, and broccoli, broccoli sprouts, or bioactives in resolving symptoms CD. We showed that a diet containing 10% raw sprouts increased plasma concentration anti-inflammatory compound sulforaphane protected varying degrees against disease symptoms, including weight loss stagnation, fecal blood, diarrhea. Younger responded more strongly diet, further reducing as well gut bacterial richness, community similarity each other, location-specific communities than older on intervention. Crohn's disrupts lives patients requires people alter dietary lifestyle habits manage symptoms. The current medical treatment is expensive with significant side effects, intervention represents an affordable, accessible, simple strategy reduce burden

Language: Английский

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Temperate trees locally engineer decomposition and litter‐bound microbiomes through differential litter deposits and species‐specific soil conditioning

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 243(3), P. 909 - 921

Published: June 14, 2024

Summary Leaf decomposition varies widely across temperate forests, shaped by factors like litter quality, climate, soil properties, and decomposers, but forest heterogeneity may mask local tree influences on litter‐associated microbiomes. We used a 24‐yr‐old common garden to quantify conditioning impacts microbiology. introduced leaf bags from 10 species (5 arbuscular mycorrhizal; 5 ectomycorrhizal) plots conditioned all in full‐factorial design. After 6 months, we assessed mass loss, C/N content, bacterial fungal composition. hypothesized that (1) microbiome composition would be primarily the mycorrhizal type of litter‐producing trees , (2) modified significantly underlying soil, based . Decomposition and, lesser extent, composition, were influenced trees. Interestingly, however, soils had significant secondary influence, driven mainly species, not type. This influence was strongest under Pinaceae. Temperate can locally alter Understanding strength this effect will help predict biogeochemical responses compositional change.

Language: Английский

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Competition and cooperation: The plasticity of bacteria interactions across environments

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 3, 2024

Bacteria live in diverse communities, forming complex networks of interacting species. A central question bacterial ecology is why some species engage cooperative interactions, whereas others compete. But this often neglects the role environment. Here, we use genome-scale metabolic from two different open-access collections (AGORA and CarveMe) to assess pairwise interactions microbes varying environmental conditions (provision compounds). By scanning thousands environments for 10,000 pairs bacteria each collection, found that most were able both compete cooperate depending on availability resources. This approach allowed us determine commonalities between could facilitate potential cooperation or competition a pair Namely, especially obligate, common less environments. Further, as compounds removed environment, tended degrade towards obligacy. However, also average at least one compound be an environment switch interaction facultative vice versa. Together our indicates high degree plasticity microbial

Language: Английский

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Elucidating human gut microbiota interactions that robustly inhibit diverse Clostridioides difficile strains across different nutrient landscapes

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 17, 2024

The human gut pathogen

Language: Английский

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Early life exposure to broccoli sprouts confers stronger protection against enterocolitis development in an immunological mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

Abstract Crohn’s Disease (CD) is a presentation of Inflammatory Bowel (IBD) that manifests in childhood and adolescence, involves chronic severe enterocolitis, immune gut microbiome dysregulation, other complications. Diet gut-microbiota-produced metabolites are sources anti-inflammatories which could ameliorate symptoms. However, questions remain on how IBD influences biogeographic patterns microbial location function the gut, early life transitional communities affected by diet interventions, disruption to biogeography alters disease mediation components or metabolites. Many studies use chemically induced ulcerative colitis model, despite availability an immune-modulated CD model. Interleukin-10-knockout (IL-10-KO) mice C57BL/6 background, beginning at age 4 7 weeks, were fed control one containing 10% (w/w) raw broccoli sprouts, was high sprout-sourced anti-inflammatory sulforaphane. Diets began days prior to, for 2 weeks after inoculation with Helicobacter hepaticus, triggers Crohn’s-like symptoms these immune-impaired mice. The sprout increased sulforaphane plasma; decreased weight stagnation, fecal blood, diarrhea associated; microbiota richness especially younger Sprout diets resulted some anatomically specific bacteria mice, reduced prevalence abundance pathobiont trigger inflammation IL-10-KO mouse, example; Escherichia coli . Overall, mouse model responsive represents opportunity more diet-host-microbiome research. Importance To our knowledge, have not previously been used investigate interactions host, microbiota, broccoli, bioactives resolving CD. We showed sprouts plasma concentration compound sulforaphane, protected varying degrees against negative symptoms, including loss diarrhea. Younger responded strongly diet, further reducing as well bacterial community richness, similarity each other, location-specific than older intervention. disrupts lives patients, requires people alter dietary lifestyle habits manage current medical treatment extremely expensive, intervention affordable, accessible, simple strategy reduce burden

Language: Английский

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Frequent host-switch and gene exchange shape the evolution of Staphylococcus aureus ST398

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2024

Staphylococcus aureus ST398 is a typical ‘One Health’ pathobiont exemplifying multiple-host tropisms. Here we traced the evolutionary trajectory of global accessory genome (an assembly genes) S. over 20 years, with aim identifying mechanisms linking genomes tropisms and phylogenomic traits associated severe human infections. We analyzed 1079 high-quality from 13 host species, spanning 23 years (1998–2021) 25 countries across 5 continents, showed that gene pools substantially expanded in early period before 2010, aligning increase host-species spectrum. The more recent shifts were mainly driven by stochastic processes. Accessory genes transferred widely different barely formed host-specific pools, indicating host-jump was followed shortly another host-switch rather than long-term co-evolution new species to generate pools. Human-ST398 major recipient transfer, common transfer pig other animals. Life-threatening exotoxin separately encoding Panton-Valentine Leukocidin staphylococcal enterotoxin B abundant exclusive human-ST398 higher evolution rate animal-ST398. Both core analyses implied nutrient metabolism as force for evolution. Analyses clinical data revealed conserved along infection development within patient, identified novel subtype ST398-9 (a relatively phylogenetic branch) phages StauST398_5 StauST398_1 be closely Our findings elucidate underlying distribution ST398, which determine pathogenicity.

Language: Английский

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