Impacts of extreme summers on European ecosystems: a comparative analysis of 2003, 2010 and 2018

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1810), P. 20190507 - 20190507

Published: Sept. 6, 2020

In Europe, three widespread extreme summer drought and heat (DH) events have occurred in 2003, 2010 2018. These were comparable magnitude but varied their geographical distribution biomes affected. this study, we perform a comparative analysis of the impact DH on ecosystem CO2 fluxes over Europe based an ensemble 11 dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs), observation-based FLUXCOM product. We find that all associated with decreases net productivity (NEP), gross flux anomalies differ between DGVMs FLUXCOM. At annual scale, indicate close to neutral or above-average land uptake DH2003 DH2018, due increased spring reduced respiration autumn winter compensating for less photosynthetic summer. Most estimate lower primary production (GPP) sensitivity soil moisture during summers than Finally, show different impacts at continental-scale GPP are part related differences composition regions affected regional offsetting effects from climate beyond centres. This article is theme issue 'Impacts 2018 severe heatwave Europe: site continental scale'.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of light use efficiency models: Improvement, uncertainties, and implications

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 317, P. 108905 - 108905

Published: March 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Compound droughts and hot extremes: Characteristics, drivers, changes, and impacts

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 235, P. 104241 - 104241

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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CO ₂ fertilization of terrestrial photosynthesis inferred from site to global scales

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(10)

Published: March 1, 2022

SignificanceThe magnitude of the CO2 fertilization effect on terrestrial photosynthesis is uncertain because it not directly observed and subject to confounding effects climatic variability. We apply three well-established eco-evolutionary optimality theories gas exchange photosynthesis, constraining main processes using measurable variables. Using this framework, we provide robust observationally inferred evidence that a strong detectable in globally distributed eddy covariance networks. Applying our method upscale globally, find comparable its situ counterpart but highlight potential for substantial underestimation tropical forests many reflectance-based satellite products.

Language: Английский

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Responses of vegetation greenness and carbon cycle to extreme droughts in China

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 298-299, P. 108307 - 108307

Published: Jan. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

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Definitions and methods to estimate regional land carbon fluxes for the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Project (RECCAP-2)

Geoscientific model development, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 1289 - 1316

Published: Feb. 16, 2022

Abstract. Regional land carbon budgets provide insights into the spatial distribution of uptake atmospheric dioxide and can be used to evaluate cycle models define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates regional either by downscaling CO2 observations surface fluxes with inversions, using inventories stock changes terrestrial ecosystems, upscaling local field such as flux towers gridded climate remote sensing fields, or integrating data-driven process-oriented models. first coordinated attempt collect nine regions covering entire globe RECCAP-1 project delivered decade 2000–2009, but these were not comparable between due different definitions component being reported omitted. recent recognition lateral human activities rivers that connect one area its release another also requires better protocols reach harmonized summed up a scale compared growth rate inversion results. In this study, international initiative RECCAP-2 Global Carbon Project, which aims an update over last 2 decades based on 10 harmonization than precursor project, we recommendations results match bottom-up accounting models, net atmosphere exchange should each research group charge region. Special attention is given fluxes, inland water use fluxes.

Language: Английский

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Global assessment of lagged and cumulative effects of drought on grassland gross primary production

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 108646 - 108646

Published: Feb. 14, 2022

Drought has large impacts on the vegetation growth of global terrestrial ecosystems, particularly grasslands. Extensive in-situ studies have shown that impact drought lagged and cumulative effects, but it is not well known how grassland productivity (gross primary production or GPP) responds to over time at scales. Here, we investigated spatiotemporal patterns effects GPP using an OCO-2 solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) based product (GOSIF Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The results showed globally, 88.37% had a response drought, with scale mainly 1 month. With increase in soil water availability, magnitude effect gradually weakened. Grasslands semiarid semi humid conditions were adaptable periodic responded fastest drought. Globally, more than three quarters (78.55%) was affected by accumulated months occurred longer scales (8 ∼ 10 months) for region 40°N–55°N, which relatively arid. arid areas stronger areas, indicating grasslands tolerance More importantly, found effect. This study highlights great importance considering legacy effect, especially productivity, would advance our understanding climate change carbon cycles ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(16), P. 4794 - 4806

Published: April 22, 2022

Earth's ecosystems are increasingly threatened by "hot drought," which occurs when hot air temperatures coincide with precipitation deficits, intensifying the hydrological, physiological, and ecological effects of drought enhancing evaporative losses soil moisture (SM) increasing plant stress due to higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Drought-induced reductions in gross primary production (GPP) exert a major influence on terrestrial carbon sink, but extent hotter atmospherically drier conditions will amplify deficits cycle remains largely unknown. During summer autumn 2020, U.S. Southwest experienced one most intense droughts record, record-low record-high temperature VPD across region. Here, we use this natural experiment evaluate GPP further decompose those negative anomalies into their constituent meteorological hydrological drivers. We found 122 Tg C (>25%) reduction below 2015-2019 mean, far lowest regional over Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite record. Roughly half estimated loss was attributable low SM (likely combination warming-enhanced depletion), record-breaking amplified GPP, contributing roughly 40% anomaly. Both very likely continue next century, leading more frequent substantially drought-induced reductions.

Language: Английский

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Large influence of atmospheric vapor pressure deficit on ecosystem production efficiency

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(44)

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Plant water stress occurs at the point when soil moisture (SM) limits transpiration, defining a critical SM threshold (θcrit). Knowledge of spatial distribution θcrit is crucial for future projections climate and resources. Here, we use global eddy covariance observations to quantify evaporative fraction (EF) regimes. Three canonical variables describe how EF controlled by SM: maximum (EFmax), θcrit, slope (S) between SM. We find systematic differences these three across biomes. Variation in S, EFmax mostly explained texture, vapor pressure deficit, precipitation, respectively, as well vegetation structure. Dryland ecosystems tend operate low show adaptation deficits. The negative relationship S indicates that dryland minimize through mechanisms sustained extraction transport xylem. Our results further suggest an optimal local EF-SM response maximizes growing-season evapotranspiration photosynthesis.

Language: Английский

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