Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Drug Resistance Development and Novel Strategies to Combat

Infection and Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 16, P. 7641 - 7662

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a major threat to global health. Infection caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the well-recognized public health problem globally. In some regions, as many 90% S. infections are reported be MRSA, which cannot treated with standard antibiotics. WHO reports indicated that MRSA circulating in every province worldwide, significantly increasing risk death 64% compared drug-sensitive forms infection attributed its antibiotic resistance. The emergence and spread antibiotic-resistant strains have contributed increased prevalence both healthcare community settings. methicillin due expression penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), renders it impervious action β-lactam antibiotics including methicillin. other through production beta-lactamases. Although treatment options for limited, there promising alternatives combat infections. Innovative therapeutic strategies wide range activity modes yet explored. review highlights challenges posed elucidates mechanisms underlying development, explores mitigation strategies. Furthermore, focuses on alternative therapies such bacteriophages, immunotherapy, nanobiotics, antimicrobial peptides, emphasizing their synergistic effects efficacy against MRSA. By examining these approaches, this provides insights into potential tackling combatting escalating AMR. Ultimately, multifaceted approach encompassing conventional novel interventions imperative mitigate impact ensure sustainable future healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016–2023 and future projections through 2030

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(49)

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Many factors contribute to this issue, with human antibiotic consumption being significant among them. Analyzing trends and patterns in can aid developing policies mitigate the burden of antimicrobial disparities access antibiotics. Using pharmaceutical sales data licensed from IQVIA, we estimate national-level 67 countries during 2016–2023 analyze effects economic growth COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, project through 2030 assuming current trends. We find that estimated reported increased 16.3% 29.5 34.3 billion defined daily doses (DDDs) 2016 2023, reflecting 10.6% increase rate 13.7 15.2 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants day. Increases were most pronounced upper-middle- lower-middle-income countries. While pandemic significantly reduced globally, was high-income countries, these reductions use 2020 sharper, lasted longer, than other By 2030, that, without rapidly nations, such as investments improve infrastructure, particularly water sanitation, along improved vaccination, will by 52.3% an 49.3 2023 75.1 DDDs.

Language: Английский

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The impacts of animal agriculture on One Health—Bacterial zoonosis, antimicrobial resistance, and beyond

One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 100748 - 100748

Published: May 8, 2024

The industrialization of animal agriculture has undoubtedly contributed to the improvement human well-being by increasing efficiency food production. At same time, it also drastically impacted natural environment and society. One Health initiative emphasizes interdependency health ecosystems, animals, humans. In this paper, we discuss some most profound consequences practices from a perspective. More specifically, focus on impacts host-microbe interactions elaborating how modern affects zoonotic infections, specifically those bacterial origin, concomitant emergence antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A key question underlying these deeply interconnected issues is better prevent, monitor, manage infections in agriculture. To address this, outline approaches mitigate agricultural zoonoses AMR, including development novel treatments as well non-drug comprising integrated surveillance programs policy education regarding stewardship. Finally, touch upon additional major environmental factors within context, welfare, security, safety, climate change. Charting are interwoven comprise complex web agriculture's broad will allow for concerted, multidisciplinary interventions which truly necessary tackle

Language: Английский

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Can plastic pollution drive the emergence and dissemination of novel zoonotic diseases?

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 246, P. 118172 - 118172

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

As the volume of plastic in environment increases, so too does human interactions with pollution. Similarly, domestic, feral, and wild animals are increasingly interacting pollution, highlighting potential for contamination wastes animal faeces, urine, saliva, blood. Substantial evidence indicates that once environment, plastics rapidly become colonised by microbial biofilm (the so-called 'plastisphere), which often includes potentially harmful pathogens (including zoonotic nature). Climate change, increased urbanisation, intensification agriculture, mean three-way between humans, animals, pollution becoming more frequent, is significant as almost 60% emerging infectious diseases during last century have been zoonotic. Here, we critically review contaminated environmental to facilitate evolution novel pathogenic strains microorganisms, subsequent role cyclical dissemination pathogens. continues grow, entering there clearly an urgent need better understand waste facilitating pathogen dissemination, effect this can on health.

Language: Английский

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Global status of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Enterococcus faecalis isolates: systematic review and meta-analysis

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Aug. 24, 2024

Due to the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), it indicated as potentially opportunistic pathogen causing various healthcare-associated and life-threatening diseases around world. The aim this meta-analysis was evaluate weighted pooled rates clinical E. isolates based on over time, areas, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), infection source. We searched studies PubMed, Scopus, Web Science (November 30, 2022). All statistical analyses were carried out using package R. analysis encompassed a total 74 conducted 28 countries. According meta-regression, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, imipenem, linezolid, minocycline, norfloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, tetracycline rate increased time. Analysis revealed statistically significant differences for ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin, rifampicin, teicoplanin, tetracycline, vancomycin across Globally, prevalence drug resistant strains are increase Daptomycin tigecycline can be an effective agent treatment infections. Considering low continents Europe Australia, is suggested take advantage their preventive strategies order obtain efficient results other places with high resistance.

Language: Английский

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Dissecting microbial communities and resistomes for interconnected humans, soil, and livestock

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 21 - 35

Published: Sept. 23, 2022

Abstract A debate is currently ongoing as to whether intensive livestock farms may constitute reservoirs of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thus posing a threat surrounding communities. Here, combining shotgun metagenome sequencing, machine learning (ML), and culture-based methods, we focused on poultry farm connected slaughterhouse in China, investigating the gut microbiome livestock, workers their households, microbial communities carcasses soil. For both resistomes this study, differences are observed across environments hosts. However, at finer scale, several similar genes (ARGs) associated mobile genetic elements were found human broiler chicken samples. Next, Escherichia coli, an important indicator for surveillance AMR farm. Strains E. coli intermixed between humans chickens. We that ARGs present faecal resistome showed correlation resistance/susceptibility profiles isolates cultured from same Finally, by using environmental sensing these be correlated variations temperature humidity. Our results show importance adopting multi-domain multi-scale approach when studying complex, interconnected environments.

Language: Английский

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Halogenated Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Drug-Resistant Pathogens

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76(1), P. 90 - 141

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance presents us with a potential global crisis as it undermines the abilities of conventional antibiotics to combat pathogenic microbes. The history antimicrobial agents is replete examples scaffolds containing halogens. In this review, we discuss impacts halogen atoms in various antibiotic types and their modes action, structure-activity relationships, contributions activity drug resistance. Other halogenated molecules, including carbohydrates, peptides, lipids, polymeric complexes, are also reviewed, effects on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, factors affecting antivirulence activities presented. Furthermore, halogenation circumvent rejuvenate impotent addressed. This review provides an overview significance halogenation, halogens interact biomolecular settings enhance pharmacological properties therapeutic usages preventing post-antibiotic era. Significance Statement increasing impotence critical threats health. roles importance have been established, but comparatively little known activities. first extensively evaluate classes provide overcome

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic resistance genes, mobile elements, virulence genes, and phages in cultivated ESBL-producing Escherichia coli of poultry origin in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria

International Journal of Food Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 389, P. 110086 - 110086

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

The paucity of information on the genomic diversity drug-resistant bacteria in most food-producing animals, including poultry Nigeria, has led to poor hazard characterization and lack critical control points safeguard public health. Hence, this study used whole genome sequencing (WGS) assess presence antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, virulence phages Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL - E. coli) isolates obtained from via EURL guideline 2017 Ilorin, Nigeria. prevalence ESBL was 10.5 % (n = 37/354). phenotypic susceptibility testing showed that all ESBL- were multi-drug resistant (MDR). in-silico analysis WGS raw-read data 11 purposively selected had a wide array ARGs conferred beta-lactam antibiotics, 8 other classes antibiotics (fluoroquinolones, foliate pathway antagonists, aminoglycoside, phenicol, tetracycline, epoxide, macrolides, rifamycin). All bacterial chromosome except two where plasmid-mediated quinolone (PMQR) detected. Two carried gyrAp.S83L mutation which confers certain fluoroquinolones. mobilome consisted several Col-plasmids predominant IncF plasmids belonged IncF64:A-:B27 sequence type. virulome genes function as adhesins, iron acquisition toxins, protectins. Intact found phageome representatives four families viruses: Myoviridae (62.5 %, n 5/8), Siphoviridae (37.5 3/8), Inoviridae (12.5 1), Podoviridae 1/8). harboured 1-5 intact no identified any phages. Although five phylogroup A, diverse they different serotype types. Our findings demonstrate high origin These harbor clinically relevant ARGs, may have detrimental zoonotic potentials human

Language: Английский

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Metagenomic surveillance of antibiotic resistome in influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants located on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 870, P. 162031 - 162031

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

Language: Английский

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Machine learning and metagenomics reveal shared antimicrobial resistance profiles across multiple chicken farms and abattoirs in China

Nature Food, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 707 - 720

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

China is the largest global consumer of antimicrobials and improving surveillance methods could help to reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread. Here we report ten large-scale chicken farms four connected abattoirs in three Chinese provinces over 2.5 years. Using a data mining approach based on machine learning, analysed 461 microbiomes from birds, carcasses environments, identifying 145 potentially mobile antibiotic genes (ARGs) shared between chickens environments across all farms. A core set 233 ARGs 186 microbial species extracted gut microbiome correlated with AMR profiles Escherichia coli colonizing same gut, including Arcobacter, Acinetobacter Sphingobacterium, clinically relevant for humans, 38 ARGs. Temperature humidity barns were also ARG presence. We reveal an intricate network correlations communities AMR, suggesting multiple routes livestock production.

Language: Английский

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