Administration of probiotics and synbiotics and systemic inflammation in Kenyan infants: an open label, randomised, phase II trial

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in early life, caused by gut pathogen colonisation, contributes to chronic systemic inflammation (CSI) which impairs growth and organ development increases non-communicable disease risk. Pro/synbiotics may prevent or ameliorate EED, thereby reduce CSI, through boosting colonisation resistance against enteropathogens provide other intestinal immune benefits. We evaluated three pro/synbiotics consisting of live, multi-strain Bifidobacterium spp. Lactobacillaceae reducing CSI. In this open-label, randomised, four-arm, phase II trial, 600 healthy Kenyan newborns (1–3 days old, birthweight ≥2000g) were allocated 1:1:1:1, stratified HIV exposure, receive Labinic synbiotic, Lab4b synbiotic probiotic no intervention daily for ten days, then weekly until six months. The primary outcome was CSI (plasma α₁-acid glycoprotein > 1g/L) at months with blinded laboratory assessments. At months, occurred 60/138 (43%) controls versus 4/144 (3%; relative risk (RR) 0.06, 95% CI 0.02–0.17; p < 0.0001) infants the 3/132 (2%; RR = 0.05, 0.02–0.16; P 3/141 0.02–0.15; arm. Serious adverse events mortality over 0–24 similar across study arms. safely markedly reduced disadvantaged population, warranting investigation health impacts.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Research on Gut Microbiota and Allergic Diseases in Children

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100362 - 100362

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Epidemiological studies indicate a rising prevalence of allergic diseases, now recognized as major global public health concern. In children, the progression these diseases often follows "atopic march," beginning with eczema, followed by food allergies, rhinitis, and asthma. Recent research has linked gut microbiota dysbiosis to development in children. The microbiota, crucial component human health, plays vital role maintaining overall well-being, highlighting its potential preventing modifying course diseases. This review examines relationship between childhood drawing on latest evidence. We first elaborated concepts discussion developmental trajectory healthy further explored richness, diversity, composition well specific microbial taxa associated disease. Lastly, we discussed current status future probiotic interventions managing pediatric

Language: Английский

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Neonatal microbiome in the multiomics era: development and its impact on long-term health

Pediatric Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Abstract The neonatal microbiome has been the focus of considerable research over past two decades and studies have added fascinating information in terms early microbial patterns how these relate to various disease processes. One difficulty with interpretation relationships is that such data associative provides little proof causality or underpinning mechanisms. Integrating other omics as proteome, inflammatory mediators, metabolome an emerging approach address this gap. Here we discuss omics, their integration, they can be applied improve our understanding, treatment, prevention disease. Impact This review introduces concept multiomics neonatology technologies integrated We highlight considerations for performing multiomic neonates need validation separate cohorts and/or relevant model systems. summarise use expanding lay out steps bring clinic enable precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Oligosaccharide Production Using β-galactosidase from Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Kluyveromyces lactis in Sweetened Reconstituted Nonfat Dry Milk

Journal of Dairy Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

β-galactosidase (B-gal) is a vital enzyme used in the food industry to reduce lactose from dairy ingredients through hydrolysis and synthesize galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), known bifidogenic prebiotic, galactose moieties transgalactosylation. To favor transgalactosylation, high carbohydrate concentrations must be available accept moiety. Since many products rely on sweeteners for flavor texture, B-gal GRAS status Lactobacillus bulgaricus strains LB11, YB1, L. helveticus B548, or Kluyveromyces lactis (KL) commercial product Lactozyme® 2600L were determine if transgalactosylation can driven reconstituted nonfat dry milk (NDM, 10%, wt/wt) with compared unsweetened NDM at 50°C 18 h. Sucrose (14.4%, wt/wt), corn syrup solids mixture of sucrose (9.9%, (4.5%, dissolved (n = 3), then heated stirring 30 min 70°C batch pasteurization. For strains, whole cells inoculated 7 log cfu/mL, same quantity lysed before adding mixtures, 1.85 U KL was used. The released highest glucose all preparations, LB11 lysate releasing (245.57 ± 25.16 mM). High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography Pulsed Amperometric Detection visualize presence oligosaccharides degrees polymerization 3 7. Oligosaccharides YB1 treated mixtures also increased anaerobic growth Bifidobacterium breve 2141 37°C untreated mixtures. treatment without source prebiotic oligosaccharides, although more work needed composition oligosaccharides.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on the Development of the Infant Gut Microbiota: An Exploratory Follow-Up of a Randomised Controlled Trial

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 984 - 984

Published: April 25, 2025

Early-life establishment of the gut microbiota plays a role in lifelong health, with disruptions linked to heightened risks metabolic and immune disorders. Probiotic supplementation may be used modulate infant microbiome promote favourable development. Here, we evaluate how Lab4B probiotic shapes development over first 6 months. Faecal samples collected from infants enrolled PROBAT (ISRCTN26287422), randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, were analysed using culture-dependent -independent (16S rDNA metagenomic shotgun sequencing) techniques examine composition, diversity, capabilities microbiome, as well abundance antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). encouraged distinct composition characterised by elevated abundances Bifidobacteriaceae weeks (p = 0.006) Lactobacillaceae throughout months < 0.05 at every 6-week time point), accelerated microbial diversification, reduced beta-lactam- cephalosporin-resistance genes, differences predicted start end points. Supplementation this neonatal population, which is high risk atopy, significantly influenced during

Language: Английский

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Controllable Enzymatic Synthesis of Natural Asymmetric Human Milk Oligosaccharides

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(11), P. 4496 - 4506

Published: Nov. 2, 2024

Among human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), linear HMOs are synthesized through mature but varied routes. Although branched can be by chemical, enzymatic, or chemoenzymatic methods, these methods cannot easily applied to the synthesis of asymmetric multiantennary oligosaccharides. Herein, we developed a controllable method synthesize biantennary HMOs. In our synthetic route, GlcNAcβ1,3(GlcN3β1,6)Glaβ1,4Glc was first chemically as core tetrasaccharide, which contains β1,6GlcN3 "stop" sugar in transferase-catalyzed glycosylation. The desired sugars at GlcNAcβ1–3Gal arm assembled using galactosyltransferase, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, and fucosyltransferase. Then, Staudinger reduction acetylation were used transform GlcN3 GlcNAc assemble initiating "go" process. By manipulating glycosylations, 22 natural synthesized.

Language: Английский

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Leveraging human microbiomes for disease prediction and treatment

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Enhanced metagenomics-enabled transmission inference with TRACS

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Coexisting strains of the same species within human microbiota pose a substantial challenge to inferring host-to-host transmission both pathogenic and commensal microbes. Here, we present TRACS, highly accurate algorithm for estimating genetic distances between at level individual SNPs, which is robust intra-species diversity host. Analysis well-characterised Faecal Microbiota Transplantation datasets, along with extensive simulations, demonstrates that TRACS substantially outperforms existing strain aware inference methods. We use infer networks in patients colonised multiple strains, including SARS-CoV-2 amplicon sequencing data from UK hospitals, deep population Streptococcus pneumoniae single-cell genome malaria infected Plasmodium falciparum . Applying gut metagenomic samples large cohort 176 mothers 1,288 infants born hospitals revealed species-specific rates their infants. Notably, identified increased persistence Bifidobacterium breve infants, finding missed by previous analyses due presence strains.

Language: Английский

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Non-stochastic reassembly of a metabolically cohesive gut consortium shaped by N-acetyl-lactosamine-enriched fibers

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Dec. 18, 2024

Diet is one of the main factors shaping human microbiome, yet our understanding how specific dietary components influence microbial consortia assembly and subsequent stability in response to press disturbances – such as increasing resource availability (feeding rate) still incomplete. This study explores reproducible re-assembly, metabolic interplay, compositional within derived from pooled stool samples three healthy infants. Using a single-step packed-bed reactor (PBR) system, we assessed reassembly output exposed lactose, glucose, galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), humanized GOS (hGOS). Our findings reveal that complex carbohydrates, especially those containing low inclusion (~1.25 gL−1) present milk, N-acetyl-lactosamine (LacNAc), promote taxonomic, under varying feeding rates, shown by diversity metrics network analysis. Targeted metabolomics highlighted distinct responses different carbohydrates: was linked increased lactate, lactose propionate, sucrose butyrate, CO2, introduction bile salts with or hGOS resulted butyrate reduction hydrogen production. validates use PBRs for reliably studying consortium functionality nutritional disturbances, offering insights into modulation their ecological dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Impact of early life antibiotic and probiotic treatment on gut microbiome and resistome of very-low-birth-weight preterm infants

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Abstract Preterm infants (<37 weeks’ gestation) are often administered broad-spectrum antibiotics in hospitals due to their vulnerability severe morbidity, including necrotising enterocolitis and sepsis. However, can disrupt the development of early-life microbiota, potentially impairing gut immunity colonisation resistance. Evidence shows that probiotics (e.g., certain Bifidobacterium strains) may help restore healthy microbiota. In this study, we examined effects on preterm microbiome resistome two unique cohorts 34 very-low-birth-weight, human-milk- fed (moderate very preterm), with one cohort receiving probiotics. Within each group, some were treated (benzylpenicillin and/or gentamicin) while others served as non-antibiotic controls. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing 93 longitudinal faecal samples from infants, generated >300 metagenome- assembled genomes, obtained ∼90 isolate genomes through targeted culturomics, enabling analysis microbiome/resistome at species strain levels. Additionally, investigated vitro horizontal gene transfer (HGT) capacity infant-derived multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen Enterococcus via neonatal models. Overall, probiotic supplementation significantly reduced antibiotic resistance prevalence, MDR load, helped a typical persistence pathogens like , high HGT potential, highlights need for ongoing surveillance care. Our findings underscore complex interactions between antibiotics, probiotics, shaping support further research into antimicrobial stewardship populations.

Language: Английский

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