The future of early cancer detection

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 666 - 677

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Opportunities for Developing More Generalizable Polygenic Risk Scores

Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 293 - 320

Published: May 16, 2022

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) estimate an individual's genetic likelihood of complex traits and diseases by aggregating information across multiple variants identified from genome-wide association studies. PRS can predict a broad spectrum have therefore been widely used in research settings. Some work has investigated their potential applications as biomarkers preventative medicine, but significant is still needed to definitively establish communicate absolute patients for modifiable factors demographic groups. However, the biggest limitation currently that they show poor generalizability diverse ancestries cohorts. Major efforts are underway through methodological development data generation initiatives improve generalizability. This review aims comprehensively discuss current progress on PRS, affect generalizability, promising areas improving accuracy, portability, implementation.

Language: Английский

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Smart textiles for self-powered biomonitoring

Med-X, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract Merging electronics with textiles has become an emerging trend since hold magnificent wearing comfort and user-friendliness compared conventional wearable bioelectronics. Smart can be effectively integrated into our daily to convert on-body biomechanical, biochemical, body heat energy electrical signals for long-term, real-time monitoring of physiological states, showing compelling medical economic benefits. This review summarizes the current progress in self-powered biomonitoring along three pathways: heat, biochemical conversion. Finally, it also presents promising directions challenges field, as well insights future development. aims highlight frontiers smart biomonitoring, which could contribute revolutionizing traditional healthcare a personalized model. Graphical Self-powered via conversion are discussed this work. Platform technologies, including piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), triboelectric (TENGs), magnetoelastic generators (MEGs) biomechanical conversion, thermoelectric (TEGs) boy biofuel cells (BFCs) systematically introduced textile form. Working manner greatly improved comfort, pave road healthcare.

Language: Английский

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Vision-Transformer-Based Transfer Learning for Mammogram Classification

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 178 - 178

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Breast mass identification is a crucial procedure during mammogram-based early breast cancer diagnosis. However, it difficult to determine whether lump benign or cancerous at stages. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used solve this problem and provided useful advancements. CNNs focus only on certain portion of the mammogram while ignoring remaining present computational complexity because multiple convolutions. Recently, vision transformers developed as technique overcome such limitations CNNs, ensuring better comparable performance in natural image classification. utility has not thoroughly investigated medical domain. In study, we transfer learning based classify mammograms. The area under receiver operating curve new model was estimated 1 ± 0, thus outperforming CNN-based transfer-learning models transformer trained from scratch. can, hence, be applied clinical setting, improve diagnosis cancer.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Mammography AI Algorithms with a Clinical Risk Model for 5-year Breast Cancer Risk Prediction: An Observational Study

Radiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 307(5)

Published: June 1, 2023

Background Although several clinical breast cancer risk models are used to guide screening and prevention, they have only moderate discrimination. Purpose To compare selected existing mammography artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) model for prediction of 5-year risk. Materials Methods This retrospective case-cohort study included data in women with a negative mammographic examination (no visible evidence cancer) 2016, who were followed until 2021 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Women prior or highly penetrant gene mutation excluded. Of 324 009 eligible women, random subcohort was selected, regardless status, which all additional patients added. The index as input five AI generate continuous scores that compared BCSC score. Risk estimates incident 0 5 years after initial calculated using time-dependent area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results 13 628 patients, whom 193 had cancer. Incident cancers (additional 4391 009) also included. For years, AUC 0.61 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.62). higher AUCs than did BCSC, ranging from 0.63 0.67 (Bonferroni-adjusted

Language: Английский

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Envisioning the Future of Personalized Medicine: Role and Realities of Digital Twins

Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26, P. e50204 - e50204

Published: May 13, 2024

Digital twins have emerged as a groundbreaking concept in personalized medicine, offering immense potential to transform health care delivery and improve patient outcomes. It is important highlight the impact of digital on medicine across understanding health, risk assessment, clinical trials drug development, monitoring. By mirroring individual profiles, offer unparalleled insights into patient-specific conditions, enabling more accurate assessments tailored interventions. However, their application extends beyond benefits, prompting significant ethical debates over data privacy, consent, biases care. The rapid evolution this technology necessitates careful balancing act between innovation responsibility. As field continues evolve, hold tremendous promise transforming revolutionizing While challenges exist, continued development integration revolutionize ushering an era treatments improved well-being. can assist recognizing trends indicators that might signal presence diseases or forecast likelihood developing specific medical along with progression such diseases. Nevertheless, use human gives rise dilemmas related informed ownership, for discrimination based profiles. There critical need robust guidelines regulations navigate these challenges, ensuring pursuit advanced solutions does not compromise rights This viewpoint aims ignite comprehensive dialogue responsible advocating future where serves cornerstone personalized, ethical, effective

Language: Английский

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Natural products targeting the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer: overview

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 150(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Purpose This article summarizes natural products that target the MAPK-signaling pathway in cancer therapy. The classification, chemical structures, and anti-cancer mechanisms of these are elucidated, comprehensive information is provided on their potential use Methods Using PubMed database, we searched for keywords, including “tumor”, “cancer”, “natural product”, “phytochemistry”, “plant components”, “MAPK-signaling pathway”. We also screened compounds with well-defined structures targeting have effects. used Kingdraw software Adobe Photoshop to draw compound structural diagrams. Results A total 131 papers were searched, from which 85 selected. These clear treatment mainly related pathway. Examples include eupatilin, carvacrol, oridonin, sophoridine, diosgenin, juglone. components classified as flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroidal saponins, quinones. Conclusions Certain MAPK inhibitors been clinical treatment. However, feedback has not promising because genomic instability, drug resistance, side Natural few effects, good medicinal efficacy, a wide range sources, individual heterogeneity biological activity, capable treating disease multiple targets. characteristics make drugs

Language: Английский

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Challenges and recommendations for the translation of biomarkers of aging

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1372 - 1383

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on breast cancer early detection and screening

Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 151, P. 106585 - 106585

Published: June 30, 2021

Language: Английский

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The current status of risk-stratified breast screening

British Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 126(4), P. 533 - 550

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Abstract Apart from high-risk scenarios such as the presence of highly penetrant genetic mutations, breast screening typically comprises mammography or tomosynthesis strategies defined by age. However, age-based ignores range cancer risks that individual women may possess and is antithetical to ambitions personalised early detection. Whilst reduces mortality, this at risk potentially significant harms including overdiagnosis with overtreatment, psychological morbidity associated false positives. In risk-stratified screening, individualised assessment inform intensity/interval, starting age, imaging modality used, even decisions not screen. clear evidence for its benefits needs be established. scoping review, authors summarise established emerging regarding several critical dependencies successful screening: prediction model performance, epidemiological studies, retrospective clinical evaluations, health economic evaluations qualitative research on feasibility acceptability. Family history, density reproductive factors are their own suitable precisely estimating models increasingly incorporate combinations demographic, clinical, imaging-related parameters. Clinical currently limited. Epidemiological sparse, randomised trials only began in recent years.

Language: Английский

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