COVID-19 and multiorgan failure: A narrative review on potential mechanisms DOI Creative Commons
Tahmineh Mokhtari, Fatemeh Hassani, Neda Ghaffari

et al.

Journal of Molecular Histology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(6), P. 613 - 628

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in December 2019 form Wuhan, China leads to disease (COVID-19) pandemic. While the common cold symptoms are observed mild cases, COVID-19 is accompanied by multiorgan failure patients. involvement different organs patients results lengthening hospitalization duration and increasing mortality rate. In this review, we aimed investigate patients, particularly cases. Also, tried define potential underlying mechanisms SARS-CoV2 induced failure. multi-organ dysfunction characterized lung failure, liver kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, as well a wide spectrum hematological abnormalities neurological disorders. most important related direct indirect pathogenic features SARS-CoV2. Although presence angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, receptor lung, heart, kidney, testis, liver, lymphocytes, nervous system was confirmed, there controversial findings about observation RNA these organs. Moreover, organ may be cytokine storm, result increased levels inflammatory mediators, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation abnormalities, infiltration cells into Therefore, further investigations needed detect exact pathogenesis. Since several for clinicians, their knowledge help improve outcomes decrease rate morbidity.

Language: Английский

Targets of T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus in Humans with COVID-19 Disease and Unexposed Individuals DOI Creative Commons
Alba Grifoni, Daniela Weiskopf, Sydney I. Ramirez

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 181(7), P. 1489 - 1501.e15

Published: May 20, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

3783
Single-cell landscape of bronchoalveolar immune cells in patients with COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons

Mingfeng Liao,

Yang Liu, Jing Yuan

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 842 - 844

Published: May 12, 2020

Respiratory immune characteristics associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity are currently unclear. We characterized bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from patients varying of COVID-19 and healthy people by using single-cell RNA sequencing. Proinflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages were abundant in the severe COVID-9. Moderate cases presence highly clonally expanded CD8+ T cells. This atlas microenvironment suggests potential mechanisms underlying pathogenesis recovery COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

2487
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in U.S. Children and Adolescents DOI Open Access
Leora R. Feldstein, Erica Billig Rose, Steven M. Horwitz

et al.

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 383(4), P. 334 - 346

Published: June 29, 2020

Understanding the epidemiology and clinical course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) its temporal association with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is important, given public health implications syndrome. We conducted targeted surveillance for MIS-C from March 15 to May 20, 2020, pediatric centers across United States. The case definition included six criteria: serious illness leading hospitalization, an age less than 21 years, fever that lasted at least 24 hours, laboratory evidence inflammation, organ involvement, infection severe acute respiratory 2 (SARS-CoV-2) based on reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), antibody testing, or exposure persons Covid-19 past month. Clinicians abstracted data onto standardized forms. report 186 patients 26 states. median was 8.3 115 (62%) were male, 135 (73%) had previously been healthy, 131 (70%) positive SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR 164 (88%) hospitalized after April 16, 2020. Organ-system involvement gastrointestinal system 171 (92%), cardiovascular 149 (80%), hematologic 142 (76%), mucocutaneous 137 (74%), (70%). duration hospitalization 7 days (interquartile range, 4 10); 148 (80%) received intensive care, 37 (20%) mechanical ventilation, 90 (48%) vasoactive support, (2%) died. Coronary-artery aneurysms (z scores ≥2.5) documented (8%), Kawasaki's disease-like features 74 (40%). Most (171 [92%]) elevations four biomarkers indicating inflammation. use immunomodulating therapies common: intravenous immune globulin used 144 (77%), glucocorticoids 91 (49%), interleukin-6 1RA inhibitors 38 (20%). Multisystem associated led life-threatening healthy adolescents. (Funded Centers Disease Control Prevention.).

Language: Английский

Citations

2392
Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the Science DOI Creative Commons
Nicolas Vabret, Graham J. Britton, Conor Gruber

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(6), P. 910 - 941

Published: May 6, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

1662
Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine: a dose-escalation, open-label, non-randomised, first-in-human trial DOI Creative Commons

Fengcai Zhu,

Yu-Hua Li,

Xu-Hua Guan

et al.

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 395(10240), P. 1845 - 1854

Published: May 22, 2020

BackgroundA vaccine to protect against COVID-19 is urgently needed. We aimed assess the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored expressing spike glycoprotein severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain.MethodsWe did dose-escalation, single-centre, open-label, non-randomised, phase 1 trial an Ad5 in Wuhan, China. Healthy adults aged between 18 60 years were sequentially enrolled allocated one three dose groups (5 × 1010, 1011, 1·5 1011 viral particles) receive intramuscular injection vaccine. The primary outcome was adverse events 7 days post-vaccination. Safety assessed over 28 Specific antibodies measured with ELISA, neutralising antibody responses induced by vaccination detected SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralisation pseudovirus tests. T-cell enzyme-linked immunospot flow-cytometry assays. This study registered ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04313127.FindingsBetween March 16 27, 2020, we screened 195 individuals for eligibility. Of them, 108 participants (51% male, 49% female; mean age 36·3 years) recruited received low (n=36), middle or high (n=36) All included analysis. At least reaction within first after reported 30 (83%) group, 27 (75%) group. most common site pain, which 58 (54%) recipients, commonly systematic reactions fever (50 [46%]), fatigue (47 [44%]), headache (42 [39%]), muscle pain (18 [17%]. Most that all mild moderate severity. No serious event noted ELISA increased significantly at day 14, peaked response 14 post-vaccination.InterpretationThe tolerable immunogenic Humoral post-vaccination healthy adults, rapid specific from Our findings suggest warrants further investigation.FundingNational Key R&D Program China, National Science Technology Major Project, CanSino Biologics.

Language: Английский

Citations

1371
Potent Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Identified by High-Throughput Single-Cell Sequencing of Convalescent Patients’ B Cells DOI Creative Commons
Yunlong Cao, Bin Su,

Xianghua Guo

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 182(1), P. 73 - 84.e16

Published: May 18, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

1283
Insights into SARS-CoV-2 genome, structure, evolution, pathogenesis and therapies: Structural genomics approach DOI Open Access

Ahmad Abu Turab Naqvi,

Kisa Fatima,

Taj Mohammad

et al.

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1866(10), P. 165878 - 165878

Published: June 13, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

1051
Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies DOI Creative Commons
Yujun Tang, Jiajia Liu, Dingyi Zhang

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 10, 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, outbreak COVID-19 has caused 347,192 deaths around world. The current evidence showed severely ill patients tend to have a high concentration pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, compared those who are moderately ill. level cytokines also indicates poor prognosis in COVID-19. Besides, excessive infiltration cells, mainly involving macrophages and T-helper 17 been found lung tissues with by postmortem examination. Recently, increasing studies indicate "cytokine storm" may contribute mortality Here, we summarize clinical pathologic features cytokine storm Our review shows SARS-Cov-2 selectively induces IL-6 results exhaustion lymphocytes. tocilizumab, an inhibitor, relatively effective safe. corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, antimalarial agents could be potentially useful reliable approaches counteract patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

1034
A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity DOI Creative Commons
Angkana T. Huang, Bernardo García‐Carreras, Matt D. T. Hitchings

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Many public health responses and modeled scenarios for COVID-19 outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 assume that infection results in an immune response protects individuals from future infections or illness some amount of time. The presence absence protective immunity due to vaccination (when available) will affect transmission severity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody coronaviruses, including as well related SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We reviewed 2,452 abstracts identified 491 manuscripts relevant 5 areas focus: 1) kinetics, 2) correlates protection, 3) immunopathogenesis, 4) antigenic diversity cross-reactivity, 5) population seroprevalence. While further studies are necessary determine responses, evidence other can provide clues guide research.

Language: Английский

Citations

928
COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics DOI Creative Commons
Yang Li, Shasha Liu,

Jinyan Liu

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: July 25, 2020

Abstract The recent novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide. host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears play critical role pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. not only activates antiviral responses, but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release with COVID-19, leading lymphopenia, lymphocyte dysfunction, granulocyte monocyte abnormalities. These SARS-CoV-2-induced abnormalities may lead infections microorganisms, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, mechanisms underlying COVID-19 must be elucidated guide management of the disease. Moreover, rational SARS-CoV-2, which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation, key successful treatment. In this review, we discuss immunopathology its potential mechanisms, implications aid development new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

848