The spectrum of inflammatory responses

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6571), P. 1070 - 1075

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Inflammation is an integral part of animal biology. It provides critical protection from adverse environmental factors by enforcing the defense homeostasis and functional structural integrity tissues organs. Recent advances have uncovered a broad range biological processes that involve inflammatory control, calling for renewed framework inflammation beyond its classical roles in infection injury. In this Review, new perspectives on biology are discussed research directions suggested to address fundamental gaps our current understanding.

Language: Английский

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Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 1418 - 1449

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), general broader socioeconomic psychological contexts) domains, all which are interrelated. All factors we exposed to, from moment conception to death, part exposome. Several hundreds thousands new chemicals have been introduced modern life without our having full understanding their toxic health effects ways mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes loss biodiversity, alterations dietary habits, microbiome due modernization, urbanization, globalization constitute surrounding environment Some disrupt epithelial barriers skin mucosal surfaces, disruptions linked last few decades increasing prevalence severity inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma. barrier hypothesis provides mechanistic explanation how explain rapid increase autoimmune In this review, discuss affecting planet's context 'epithelial hypothesis,' including climate emphasize on addition, roles increased fatty acid consumption environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, nanoparticles, tobacco) discussed. Considering emerging data recent studies, suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, establishment individualized control measures threats decrease disease.

Language: Английский

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International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023

International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 293 - 859

Published: March 6, 2023

In the 5 years that have passed since publication of 2018 International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis (ICAR-Allergic 2018), literature has expanded substantially. The ICAR-Allergic 2023 update presents 144 individual topics allergic rhinitis (AR), by over 40 from document. Originally presented also been reviewed updated. executive summary highlights key evidence-based findings recommendation full

Language: Английский

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Food allergy across the globe

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 148(6), P. 1347 - 1364

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Advances and highlights in biomarkers of allergic diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(12), P. 3659 - 3686

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

During the past years, there has been a global outbreak of allergic diseases, presenting considerable medical and socioeconomical burden. A large fraction diseases is characterized by type 2 immune response involving Th2 cells, innate lymphoid eosinophils, mast M2 macrophages. Biomarkers are valuable parameters for precision medicine as they provide information on disease endotypes, clusters, diagnoses, identification therapeutic targets, monitoring treatment efficacies. The availability powerful omics technologies, together with integrated data analysis network-based approaches can help clinically useful biomarkers. These biomarkers need to be accurately quantified using robust reproducible methods, such reliable point-of-care systems. Ideally, samples should collected quick, cost-efficient noninvasive methods. In recent plethora research directed toward finding novel diseases. Promising include sputum serum periostin exhaled nitric oxide. Several other biomarkers, pro-inflammatory mediators, miRNAs, eicosanoid molecules, epithelial barrier integrity, microbiota changes diagnosis in serum, body fluids air. Herein, we review studies asthma, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, food allergies, anaphylaxis, drug hypersensitivity allergen immunotherapy. addition, discuss COVID-19 within perspective recommendations management asthmatic patients during pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Type 2 Inflammation Contributes to Skin Barrier Dysfunction in Atopic Dermatitis

JID Innovations, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 100131 - 100131

Published: April 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 100995 - 100995

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It most common in children, affecting at least 30 children and young adults Europe. complex, partially heritable with marked heterogeneity. Its development influenced both by genetic environmental factors. The common, as well characterized subtype asthma allergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 airway inflammation. prevalence has substantially increased industrialized countries during last 60 years. mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however exposure to various pollutants probably plays role. Disease inception thought be enabled disadvantageous shift balance between protective harmful lifestyle factors, including commensal microbes versus infection pathogens, collectively leading epithelial cell damage disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines one main drivers immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately infiltration lung tissue T helper (TH2) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages eosinophils. This review outlines responsible for orchestration inflammation summarizes novel findings, but not limited dysregulated integrity, alarmin release stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 160 - 160

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, muscle quantity, quality, functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) condition that combines has substantial influence older adults’ health. Because of complicated pathophysiology, there are disagreements challenges in identifying diagnosing SO. Recently, it become clear dysbiosis may play role onset progression Skeletal secretes myokines during contraction, which an important controlling growth, function, metabolic balance. Myokine dysfunction can cause aggravate obesity, sarcopenia, The only ways to prevent slow particularly sarcopenic physical activity correct nutritional support. While exercise cannot completely age-related loss certainly delay development down rate sarcopenia. purpose this review was discuss potential pathways deterioration obese individuals. We also want present current understanding various factors, including microbiota myokines, process

Language: Английский

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Advances and highlights in asthma in 2021

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(11), P. 3390 - 3407

Published: Aug. 15, 2021

Last year brought a significant advance in asthma management, unyielding to the pressure of pandemics. Novel key findings pathogenesis focus on resident cell compartment, epigenetics and innate immune system. The precision immunology unbiased approach was supplemented with novel tools greatly facilitated by use artificial intelligence. Several randomised clinical trials good quality real-world evidence shed new light treatment supported revision several guidelines (GINA, Expert Panel Report 3, ERS/ATS severe asthma) conception ones (EAACI Guidelines for biologicals asthma). Integrating management within broader context Planetary Health has been put forward. In this review, recently published articles are summarised discussed goal provide clinicians researchers concise update research from translational perspective.

Language: Английский

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Nomenclature of allergic diseases and hypersensitivity reactions: Adapted to modern needs: An EAACI position paper

Allergy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(11), P. 2851 - 2874

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Abstract The exponential growth of precision diagnostic tools, including omic technologies, molecular diagnostics, sophisticated genetic and epigenetic editing, imaging nano‐technologies patient access to extensive health care, has resulted in vast amounts unbiased data enabling in‐depth disease characterization. New endotypes have been identified for various allergic diseases triggered the gradual transition from a description focused on symptoms identifying biomarkers intricate pathogenetic metabolic pathways. Consequently, current taxonomy be revised better categorization. This European Academy Allergy Clinical Immunology Position Paper responds this challenge provides modern nomenclature diseases, which respects earlier classifications back early 20th century. Hypersensitivity reactions originally described by Gell Coombs extended into nine different types comprising antibody‐ (I‐III), cell‐mediated (IVa‐c), tissue‐driven mechanisms (V‐VI) direct response chemicals (VII). Types I‐III are linked classical newly clinical conditions. Type IVa‐c specified detailed according understanding T1, T2 T3 responses. V‐VI involve epithelial barrier defects metabolic‐induced immune dysregulation, while cellular inflammatory responses covered type VII. It is notable that several combinations mixed may appear setting. relevance approach allergy practice will conferred another article follow year, aiming at showing where can overlap evolve over lifetime.

Language: Английский

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