Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(7), P. 1205 - 1211

Published: May 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 186 - 193

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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mRNA vaccines induce durable immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6572)

Published: Oct. 15, 2021

Immune memory after vaccination Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven highly effective at preventing COVID-19. However, the evolution of viral variants, and waning antibody levels over time, raise questions regarding longevity vaccine-induced immune protection. Goel et al . examined B T lymphocyte responses in individuals who received SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccines. They performed a 6-month longitudinal study never had infection compared with people recovered from SARS-CoV-2. Humoral cellular was observed vaccinated individuals, as were functional Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2) variants. Analysis cell activity suggested that robust may prevent hospitalization by limiting development disease. —PNK

Language: Английский

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Association Between mRNA Vaccination and COVID-19 Hospitalization and Disease Severity

JAMA, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 326(20), P. 2043 - 2043

Published: Nov. 4, 2021

A comprehensive understanding of the benefits COVID-19 vaccination requires consideration disease attenuation, determined as whether people who develop despite have lower severity than unvaccinated people.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 reinfections: Overview of efficacy and duration of natural and hybrid immunity

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 112911 - 112911

Published: Feb. 8, 2022

Seroprevalence surveys suggest that more than a third and possibly half of the global population has been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by early 2022. As large numbers people continue to be infected, efficacy duration natural immunity in terms protection against reinfections severe disease is crucial significance for future. This narrative review provides an overview on epidemiological studies addressing this issue. National covering 2020-2021 documented previous infection associated significantly reduced risk lasting at least one year only relatively moderate waning immunity. Importantly, showed roughly similar effect sizes regarding reinfection across different variants, exception Omicron variant which data are just emerging before final conclusions can drawn. Risk hospitalizations deaths was also versus primary infections. Observational indicate may offer equal or greater infections compared individuals receiving two doses mRNA vaccine, but not fully consistent. The combination respective vaccination, termed hybrid immunity, seems confer greatest infections, several knowledge gaps remain Natural should considered public health policy SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Sustained Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Against COVID-19 Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults — United States, March–July 2021

MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70(34), P. 1156 - 1162

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Real-world evaluations have demonstrated high effectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19-associated hospitalizations (1-4) measured shortly after vaccination; longer follow-up is needed to assess durability protection. In an evaluation at 21 hospitals in 18 states, the duration mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna) (VE) was assessed among adults aged ≥18 years. Among 3,089 hospitalized (including 1,194 COVID-19 case-patients and 1,895 non-COVID-19 control-patients), median age 59 years, 48.7% were female, 21.1% had immunocompromising condition. Overall, 141 (11.8%) 988 (52.1%) controls fully vaccinated (defined as receipt second dose Pfizer-BioNTech Moderna ≥14 days before illness onset), with a interval 65 (range = 14-166 days) dose. VE hospitalization during full surveillance period 86% (95% confidence [CI] 82%-88%) overall 90% CI 87%-92%) without conditions. COVID-19- associated 82%-90%) 2-12 weeks 84% 77%-90%) 13-24 from dose, no significant change between these periods (p 0.854). Whole genome sequencing 454 case-patient specimens found that 242 (53.3%) belonged B.1.1.7 (Alpha) lineage 74 (16.3%) B.1.617.2 (Delta) lineage. Effectiveness sustained over 24-week period, including groups higher risk for severe COVID-19; ongoing monitoring new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge. To reduce their hospitalization, all eligible persons should be offered vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Estimated US Infection- and Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Based on Blood Donations, July 2020-May 2021

JAMA, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 326(14), P. 1400 - 1400

Published: Sept. 2, 2021

People who have been infected with or vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 reduced risk of subsequent infection, but the proportion people in US antibodies from infection vaccination is uncertain.To estimate trends seroprevalence related to and population.In a repeated cross-sectional study conducted each month during July 2020 through May 2021, 17 blood collection organizations donations all 50 states; Washington, DC; Puerto Rico were organized into 66 study-specific regions, representing catchment 74% population. For region, specimens median approximately 2000 donors selected tested month; total 1 594 363 initially tested. The final date donation was 31, 2021.Calendar time.Proportion persons detectable spike nucleocapsid antibodies. Seroprevalence weighted for demographic differences between donor sample general Infection-induced defined as prevalence population both Combined infection- vaccination-induced estimates compared cumulative COVID-19 case report incidence rates.Among 443 519 included, 733 052 (50.8%) women, 174 842 (12.1%) aged 16 29 years, 292 258 (20.2%) 65 years older, 36 654 (2.5%) non-Hispanic Black persons, 88 773 (6.1%) Hispanic persons. overall infection-induced increased 3.5% (95% CI, 3.2%-3.8%) 20.2% 19.9%-20.6%) 2021; combined 2021 83.3% 82.9%-83.7%). By 2.1 infections 2.0-2.1) per reported estimated occurred.Based on vaccine- over time varied by age, race ethnicity, geographic region. Despite weighting adjust differences, these findings national may not be representative entire

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in infection and vaccination

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 2307 - 2312

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

During viral infections, antibodies and T cells act together to prevent pathogen spread remove virus-infected cells. Virus-specific adaptive immunity can, however, also trigger pathological processes characterized by localized or systemic inflammatory events. The protective and/or role of virus-specific in SARS-CoV-2 infection has been the focus many studies COVID-19 patients vaccinated individuals. Here, we review works that have elucidated function SARS-CoV-2-specific Understanding whether are more linked protection pathogenesis is pivotal define future therapeutic prophylactic strategies manage current pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Limited neutralisation of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.2 by convalescent and vaccine serum and monoclonal antibodies

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 104158 - 104158

Published: July 11, 2022

Summary

Background

In recent months, Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 have become dominant in many regions the world, and case numbers with subvariants BA.1 BA.2 continue to increase. Due numerous mutations spike protein, efficacy currently available vaccines, which are based on Wuhan-Hu 1 isolate SARS-CoV-2, is reduced, leading breakthrough infections. Efficacy monoclonal antibody therapy also likely impaired.

Methods

our in vitro study using A549-AT cells constitutively expressing ACE2 TMPRSS2, we determined compared neutralizing capacity vaccine-elicited sera, convalescent sera antibodies against authentic Delta.

Findings

Almost no neutralisation was observed from individuals vaccinated two doses 6 months earlier, regardless type vaccine taken. Shortly after booster dose, most triple BNT162b2-vaccinated were able neutralise both variants. line waning levels three booster, only weak residual for (26%, n = 34, 0 median NT₅₀) (44%, NT₅₀). addition, but not resistant neutralising casirivimab/imdevimab, while exhibited almost a complete evasion induced by sotrovimab.

Interpretation

Both escape antibody-mediated elicited vaccination, previous infection antibodies. Waning immunity renders majority tested obtained vaccination negative neutralisation. subvariant specific resistance casirivimab/imdevimab sotrovimab emphasizes importance genotype-surveillance guided application.

Funding

This supported part Goethe-Corona-Fund Goethe University Frankfurt (M.W.) Federal Ministry Education Research (COVIDready; grant 02WRS1621C (M.W.).

Language: Английский

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Transition to endemicity: Understanding COVID-19

Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54(10), P. 2172 - 2176

Published: Sept. 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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