Covid-19 Vaccine Effectiveness against the Omicron (B.1.1.529) Variant

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(16), P. 1532 - 1546

Published: March 2, 2022

A rapid increase in coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) cases due to the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 highly vaccinated populations has aroused concerns about effectiveness current vaccines.

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces immunological T cell memory able to cross-recognize variants from Alpha to Omicron

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(5), P. 847 - 859.e11

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Homologous and Heterologous Covid-19 Booster Vaccinations

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 386(11), P. 1046 - 1057

Published: Jan. 26, 2022

Although the three vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) that have received emergency use authorization in United States are highly effective, breakthrough infections occurring. Data needed on serial of homologous boosters (same as primary vaccine) and heterologous (different from fully vaccinated recipients.In this phase 1-2, open-label clinical trial conducted at 10 sites States, adults who had completed a Covid-19 vaccine regimen least 12 weeks earlier no reported history severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection booster injection with one vaccines: mRNA-1273 (Moderna) dose 100 μg, Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson-Janssen) 5×1010 virus particles, or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) 30 μg. The end points were safety, reactogenicity, humoral immunogenicity days 15 29.Of 458 participants enrolled trial, 154 mRNA-1273, 150 Ad26.COV2.S, 153 vaccines; 1 participant did not receive assigned vaccine. Reactogenicity was similar to for series. More than half recipients having injection-site pain, malaise, headache, myalgia. For all combinations, antibody neutralizing titers SARS-CoV-2 D614G pseudovirus increased by factor 4 73, binding 5 55. Homologous 20, whereas 6 73. Spike-specific T-cell responses but Ad26.COV2.S-boosted subgroup. CD8+ levels more durable Ad26.COV2.S-primed recipients, boosting substantially spike-specific T cells mRNA recipients.Homologous an acceptable safety profile immunogenic earlier. (Funded National Institute Allergy Infectious Diseases; DMID 21-0012 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04889209.).

Language: Английский

---

Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(14), P. 2434 - 2451.e17

Published: May 27, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron–reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(69)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune escape. Here, we studied neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 D614G [wild type (WT)] the Beta, Delta, variants of concern a cohort 60 health care workers after immunization with ChAdOx-1 S, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2. High binding antibody levels against WT spike (S) were detected 28 days vaccination both mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 BNT162b2), which substantially decreased 6 months. In contrast, lower Ad26.COV2.S but did not wane. Neutralization assays showed consistent cross-neutralization Beta Delta variants, neutralization was significantly absent. BNT162b2 booster either two mRNA-1273 immunizations Ad26.COV2 priming partially restored variant, still up to 17-fold compared WT. SARS-CoV-2-specific cells months all regimens, more detection specific CD4

Language: Английский

---

Vaccines elicit highly conserved cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 603(7901), P. 493 - 496

Published: Jan. 31, 2022

Abstract The highly mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant has been shown to evade a substantial fraction of neutralizing antibody responses elicited by current vaccines that encode the WA1/2020 spike protein 1 . Cellular immune responses, particularly CD8 + T cell probably contribute protection against severe infection 2–6 Here we show cellular immunity induced is conserved protein. Individuals who received Ad26.COV2.S or BNT162b2 demonstrated durable spike-specific and CD4 which showed extensive cross-reactivity both Delta variants, including in central effector memory subpopulations. Median were 82–84% responses. These data provide immunological context for observation still robust disease with despite substantially reduced 7,8

Language: Английский

---

mRNA booster immunization elicits potent neutralizing serum activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 477 - 480

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is causing a rapid increase in infections across the globe. This new concern carries an unusually high number mutations key epitopes neutralizing antibodies on viral spike glycoprotein, suggesting potential immune evasion. Here we assessed serum capacity longitudinal cohorts vaccinated and convalescent individuals, as well monoclonal antibody activity against using pseudovirus neutralization assays. We report near-complete lack polyclonal sera from individuals with two doses BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine resistance to different clinical use. However, mRNA booster immunizations resulted significant Omicron. study demonstrates that can critically improve humoral response variant.

Language: Английский

---

Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(11), P. 1011 - 1020

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

T he coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has claimed an estimated 15 million lives, including more than 1 lives in the United States alone.The rapid development of multiple Covid-19 vaccines been a triumph biomedical research, and billions vaccine doses have administered worldwide.Challenges facing field include inequitable distribution, hesitancy, waning immunity, emergence highly transmissible viral variants that partially escape antibodies.This review summarizes current state knowledge about immune responses to importance both humoral cellular immunity for durable protection against severe disease. A nti v ir l Immunit yThe system is broadly divided into innate adaptive systems.Innate are first line defense viruses rapidly triggered when pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Innate antiviral includes secretion type I interferons, cytokines, certain responses, neutrophils, monocytes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells. Adaptive second viruses, involve antigen-specific recognition epitopes.Adaptive two complementary branches system: immunity.Humoral acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein either neutralize virus or eliminate it through other effector mechanisms. 2,3ellular virus-specific B cells which provide long-term immunologic memory expand on reexposure antigen.B produce antibodies, CD8+ directly virally infected CD4+ help support responses.5][6][7] For variant largely escapes neutralizing may be particularly important longterm

Language: Английский

---

Neutralising antibody titres as predictors of protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants and the impact of boosting: a meta-analysis

The Lancet Microbe, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. e52 - e61

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have been identified that partly escape serum neutralisation elicited by current vaccines. Studies also shown vaccines demonstrate reduced protection against symptomatic infection with variants. We explored whether in-vitro titres remain predictive vaccine from variants.In this meta-analysis, we analysed published data 24 studies on and clinical to understand the loss existing concern. integrated results analysis into our statistical model relating (parameterised ancestral virus infection) estimate efficacy boosting responses use predict impact booster vaccination variants.The neutralising activity was highly Decreases in titre alpha (1·6-fold), beta (8·8-fold), gamma (3·5-fold), delta (3·9-fold) (compared virus) were not significantly different between Neutralisation remained strongly correlated (rS=0·81, p=0·0005) once decreases incorporated. Modelling predicted over time suggested might decrease below 50% within first year after for some Boosting previously infected individuals (which target is provide a higher degree than primary schedules alone.In-vitro correlate modelling effects waning immunity predicts vaccination. However, should enable achieved vaccination, which robust severe outcomes concern, at least medium term.The National Health Medical Research Council (Australia), Future Fund Victorian Government.

Language: Английский

---

Germinal centre-driven maturation of B cell response to mRNA vaccination

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 604(7904), P. 141 - 145

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

---