Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: July 27, 2022
Although
numerous
clinical
trials
have
been
implemented,
an
absolutely
effective
treatment
against
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
is
still
elusive.
Interleukin-22
(IL-22)
has
attracted
great
interest
over
recent
years,
making
it
one
of
the
best-studied
cytokines
interleukin-10
(IL-10)
family.
Unlike
most
interleukins,
major
impact
IL-22
exclusively
on
fibroblasts
and
epithelial
cells
due
to
restricted
expression
receptor.
Numerous
studies
suggested
that
plays
a
crucial
role
in
anti-viral
infections
through
significantly
ameliorating
immune
cell-mediated
inflammatory
responses,
reducing
tissue
injury
as
well
further
promoting
repair
regeneration.
Herein,
we
pay
special
attention
lungs.
We
summarize
latest
progress
our
understanding
lung
health
discuss
maneuvering
this
cytokine
potential
immunotherapeutic
strategy
for
manage
COVID-19.
The Journal of Experimental Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
219(12)
Published: Sept. 21, 2022
Severity
of
COVID-19
shows
an
extraordinary
correlation
with
increasing
age.
We
generated
a
mouse
model
for
severe
and
show
that
the
age-dependent
disease
severity
is
caused
by
disruption
timely
well-coordinated
innate
adaptive
immune
response
due
to
impaired
interferon
(IFN)
immunity.
Aggravated
in
aged
mice
was
characterized
diminished
IFN-γ
excessive
virus
replication.
Accordingly,
adult
receptor-deficient
phenocopied
age-related
severity,
supplementation
reversed
increased
susceptibility
mice.
Further,
we
therapeutic
treatment
IFN-λ
adults
combinatorial
Ifnar1−/−
highly
efficient
protecting
against
disease.
Our
findings
provide
explanation
clarify
nonredundant
antiviral
functions
type
I,
II,
III
IFNs
during
SARS-CoV-2
infection
manner.
data
suggest
vulnerable
individuals
could
benefit
from
immunotherapy
combining
IFN-λ.
Science Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
7(73)
Published: July 8, 2022
The
acute
effects
of
various
respiratory
viral
infections
have
been
well
studied,
with
extensive
characterization
the
clinical
presentation
as
pathogenesis
and
host
responses.
However,
over
course
recent
COVID-19
pandemic,
incidence
prevalence
chronic
sequelae
after
become
increasingly
appreciated
a
serious
health
concern.
Post-acute
COVID-19,
alternatively
described
"long
COVID-19,"
are
characterized
by
symptoms
that
persist
for
longer
than
28
days
recovery
from
illness.
Although
there
exists
substantial
heterogeneity
in
nature
observed
sequelae,
this
phenomenon
has
also
context
other
including
influenza
virus,
syncytial
rhinovirus,
severe
syndrome
coronavirus,
Middle
Eastern
coronavirus.
In
Review,
we
discuss
following
important
human
pathogens
our
current
understanding
immunological
mechanisms
underlying
failure
restoration
homeostasis
lung.
Science Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(82)
Published: Feb. 23, 2023
The
relationship
between
diabetes
and
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
is
bidirectional:
Although
individuals
with
high
blood
glucose
(hyperglycemia)
are
predisposed
to
severe
COVID-19,
acute
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
infection
can
also
cause
hyperglycemia
exacerbate
underlying
metabolic
syndrome.
Therefore,
interventions
capable
of
breaking
the
network
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
hyperglycemia,
hyperinflammation,
all
factors
that
drive
COVID-19
pathophysiology,
urgently
needed.
Here,
we
show
genetic
ablation
or
pharmacological
inhibition
mitochondrial
pyruvate
carrier
(MPC)
attenuates
after
influenza
pneumonia.
MPC
using
a
second-generation
insulin
sensitizer,
MSDC-0602K
(MSDC),
dampened
pulmonary
inflammation
promoted
lung
recovery
while
concurrently
reducing
levels
hyperlipidemia
viral
pneumonia
in
obese
mice.
Mechanistically,
enhanced
fitness
destabilized
hypoxia-inducible
factor-1α,
leading
virus-induced
inflammatory
responses
both
murine
human
macrophages.
We
further
showed
MSDC
nirmatrelvir
(the
antiviral
component
Paxlovid)
provide
protection
against
host
development
suppressed
cellular
autopsies,
demonstrating
its
translational
potential
for
treating
COVID-19.
Collectively,
uncover
pathway
simultaneously
modulates
inflammation,
tissue
recovery,
health,
presenting
synergistic
therapeutic
strategy
treat
particularly
patients
disease.
The Journal of Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
222(10)
Published: Aug. 8, 2023
The
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
expresses
high
amounts
of
the
protein
Orf9b
to
target
mitochondrial
outer
membrane
Tom70.
Tom70
serves
as
an
import
receptor
for
precursors
and,
independently
this
function,
is
critical
cellular
antiviral
response.
Previous
studies
suggested
that
interferes
with
Tom70-mediated
signaling,
but
its
implication
biogenesis
unknown.
In
study,
we
expressed
in
human
HEK293
cells
and
observed
Orf9b-mediated
depletion
proteins,
particularly
respiring
cells.
To
exclude
was
caused
by
response,
generated
a
yeast
system
which
function
could
be
recapitulated.
Upon
expression
these
cells,
again
specific
decline
subset
proteins
general
reduction
volume.
Thus,
SARS-CoV-2
virus
able
modulate
proteome
direct
effect
on
Tom70-dependent
import.
PLoS Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(3), P. e1012100 - e1012100
Published: March 25, 2024
The
coronavirus
papain-like
protease
(PLpro)
is
crucial
for
viral
replicase
polyprotein
processing.
Additionally,
PLpro
can
subvert
host
defense
mechanisms
by
its
deubiquitinating
(DUB)
and
deISGylating
activities.
To
elucidate
the
role
of
these
activities
during
SARS-CoV-2
infection,
we
introduced
mutations
that
disrupt
binding
to
ubiquitin
or
ISG15.
We
identified
several
strongly
reduced
DUB
activity
PLpro,
without
affecting
In
contrast,
abrogated
also
hampered
processing
when
into
virus
mutants
were
not
viable.
exhibiting
elicited
a
stronger
interferon
response
in
human
lung
cells.
mouse
model
severe
disease,
disruption
did
affect
lethality,
replication,
innate
immune
responses
lungs.
This
suggests
dispensable
replication
does
vivo
.
Interestingly,
mutant
SARS-CoV
replicated
slightly
lower
titers
mice
diminished
early
although
lethality
was
unaffected.
previously
showed
MERS-CoV
deficient
attenuated
mice.
Here,
demonstrate
infection
vary
considerably
between
highly
pathogenic
coronaviruses.
Therefore,
careful
considerations
should
be
taken
developing
pan-coronavirus
antiviral
strategies
targeting
PLpro.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. e42739 - e42739
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
This
review
explores
the
synergistic
potential
of
natural
products
and
nanotechnology
for
viral
infections,
highlighting
key
antiviral,
immunomodulatory,
antioxidant
properties
to
combat
pandemics
caused
by
highly
infectious
viruses.
These
often
result
in
severe
public
health
crises,
particularly
affecting
vulnerable
populations
due
respiratory
complications
increased
mortality
rates.
A
cytokine
storm
is
initiated
when
an
overload
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
chemokines
released,
leading
a
systemic
inflammatory
response.
Viral
mutations
limited
availability
effective
drugs,
vaccines,
therapies
contribute
continuous
transmission
virus.
The
coronavirus
disease-19
(COVID-19)
pandemic
has
sparked
renewed
interest
product-derived
antivirals.
efficacy
traditional
medicines
against
infections
examined.
Their
anti-inflammatory,
are
highlighted.
discusses
how
enhances
herbal
combating
infections.
