Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Planta, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 255(1)

Published: Dec. 11, 2021

Abstract Main conclusion Droughts negatively affect sorghum’s productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular physiological. Sorghum is an economically important a staple food crop for over half billion people in developing countries, mostly arid semi-arid regions where major limiting factor. Although sorghum generally considered tolerant, still significantly hampers quality across cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of plant response indispensable improving tolerance crop. This review aimed enhancing our provide more insights on as contribution to development climate cultivars. We summarized findings growth osmotic potential impedes germination process embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, imbalance source-sink relations turn seed filling often manifested form substantial reduction grain yield Mechanisms drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, alterations are presented. highlighted current about genetic basis sorghum, which maximizing utilization germplasm improved Furthermore, we discussed interactions with other abiotic stresses biotic factors, may increase vulnerability or enhance stress. Based research reviewed this article, it appears possible develop locally adapted cultivars tolerant nutrient rich using modern breeding techniques.

Language: Английский

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Chemotaxis of Beneficial Rhizobacteria to Root Exudates: The First Step towards Root–Microbe Rhizosphere Interactions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(13), P. 6655 - 6655

Published: June 22, 2021

Chemotaxis, the ability of motile bacteria to direct their movement in gradients attractants and repellents, plays an important role during rhizosphere colonization by rhizobacteria. The is a unique niche for plant–microbe interactions. Root exudates are highly complex mixtures chemoeffectors composed hundreds different compounds. Chemotaxis towards root initiates rhizobacteria recruitment establishment bacteria–root Over last years, progress has been made identification exudate components that play key roles process, as well cognate chemoreceptors. In first part this review, we summarized representative induce chemotaxis typical discussed structure function rhizobacterial second reviewed findings on how other root–microbe interactions promote beneficial rhizobacteria-plant leading plant growth promotion protection health. identified existing gaps knowledge future research efforts necessary close them.

Language: Английский

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Recent Developments in the Study of Plant Microbiomes

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 1533 - 1533

Published: July 19, 2021

To date, an understanding of how plant growth-promoting bacteria facilitate growth has been primarily based on studies individual interacting with plants under different conditions. More recently, it become clear that specific soil microorganisms interact one another in consortia the collective being responsible for positive effects growth. Different attract cross-sections and fungi soil, initially composition unique root exudates from each plant. Thus, mostly those are beneficial to exclude potentially pathogenic. Beneficial bacterial not only help promote growth, these also protect a wide range direct indirect environmental stresses. Moreover, is currently possible engineer seeds contain desired strains thereby benefit next generation plants. In this way, may no longer be necessary deliver microbiota growing As we develop better microbiomes, synthetic microbiomes where compatible work together natural

Language: Английский

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Microbiome Modulation—Toward a Better Understanding of Plant Microbiome Response to Microbial Inoculants

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 8, 2021

Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding modes action is for the design promising microbial inoculants sustainable agriculture. able interact with hosts often exert specific toward potential pathogens; underlying vitro interactions well studied. In contrast, situ effects inoculants, especially impact on plant indigenous microbiome was mostly neglected so far. Recently, research has revolutionized our understanding plants as coevolved holobionts but also microbiome-inoculant interactions. Here we disentangle point out following types modulations: (i) transient shifts, (ii) stabilization or increase diversity, (iii) evenness, (iv) restoration a dysbiosis/compensation reduction pathogen-induced shift, (v) targeted shifts beneficial members microbiota, (vi) suppression pathogens. Therefore, suggest modulations novel efficient mode that can be mediated via plant.

Language: Английский

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A highly conserved core bacterial microbiota with nitrogen-fixation capacity inhabits the xylem sap in maize plants

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 11, 2022

Microbiomes are important for crop performance. However, a deeper knowledge of crop-associated microbial communities is needed to harness beneficial host-microbe interactions. Here, by assessing the assembly and functions maize microbiomes across soil types, climate zones, genotypes, we found that stem xylem selectively recruits highly conserved microbes dominated Gammaproteobacteria. We showed proportion bacterial taxa carrying nitrogenase gene (nifH) was larger in than other organs such as root leaf endosphere. Of 25 core identified sap, several isolated strains were confirmed be active nitrogen-fixers or assist with biological nitrogen fixation. On this basis, established synthetic (SynComs) consisting two diazotrophs helpers. GFP-tagged 15N isotopic dilution method demonstrated these SynComs do thrive contribute, through fixation, 11.8% total N accumulated stems. These sap represent an untapped resource can exploited increase productivity.

Language: Английский

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