Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(10), P. 1783 - 1809
Published: Oct. 4, 2024
Abstract
Cancer
is
a
complex
disease
in
which
several
molecular
and
cellular
pathways
converge
to
foster
the
tumoral
phenotype.
Notably,
latest
iteration
of
cancer
hallmarks,
“nonmutational
epigenetic
reprogramming”
was
newly
added.
However,
epigenetics,
much
like
genetics,
broad
scientific
area
that
deserves
further
attention
due
its
multiple
roles
initiation,
progression,
adaptive
nature.
Herein,
we
present
detailed
examination
hallmarks
affected
human
cancer,
elucidating
genes
involved,
dissecting
disrupted
landscapes
for
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications,
chromatin
architecture
define
disease.
Significance:
characterized
by
constant
evolution,
spanning
from
initial
premalignant
stages
advanced
invasive
disseminated
stages.
It
pathology
able
adapt
survive
amidst
hostile
microenvironments
diverse
treatments
implemented
medical
professionals.
The
more
fixed
setup
genetic
structure
cannot
fully
provide
transformed
cells
with
tools
but
rapid
plastic
nature
changes
ready
task.
This
review
summarizes
ecological
success
our
bodies.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Oct. 7, 2020
Abstract
Nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
(NAD
+
)
and
its
metabolites
function
as
critical
regulators
to
maintain
physiologic
processes,
enabling
the
plastic
cells
adapt
environmental
changes
including
nutrient
perturbation,
genotoxic
factors,
circadian
disorder,
infection,
inflammation
xenobiotics.
These
effects
are
mainly
achieved
by
driving
effect
of
NAD
on
metabolic
pathways
enzyme
cofactors
transferring
hydrogen
in
oxidation-reduction
reactions.
Besides,
multiple
-dependent
enzymes
involved
physiology
either
post-synthesis
chemical
modification
DNA,
RNA
proteins,
or
releasing
second
messenger
cyclic
ADP-ribose
(cADPR)
NAADP
.
Prolonged
disequilibrium
metabolism
disturbs
physiological
functions,
resulting
diseases
diseases,
cancer,
aging
neurodegeneration
disorder.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
recent
advances
our
understanding
molecular
mechanisms
-regulated
responses
stresses,
contribution
deficiency
various
via
manipulating
cellular
communication
networks
potential
new
avenues
for
therapeutic
intervention.
Cancer Communications,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
41(2), P. 109 - 120
Published: Oct. 29, 2020
Abstract
Altered
metabolism
is
a
hallmark
of
cancer,
and
the
reprogramming
energy
has
historically
been
considered
general
phenomenon
tumors.
It
well
recognized
that
long
noncoding
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
regulate
in
cancer.
However,
lncRNA‐mediated
posttranslational
modifications
metabolic
are
unclear
at
present.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
current
understanding
interactions
between
alterations
cancer‐associated
enzymes,
transcription
factors,
other
proteins
involved
pathways.
addition,
discuss
mechanisms
through
which
these
contribute
to
tumor
initiation
progression,
key
roles
clinical
significance
functional
lncRNAs.
We
believe
an
in‐depth
cancer
can
help
identify
cellular
vulnerabilities
be
exploited
for
diagnosis
therapy.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: March 17, 2023
Abstract
Chronic
kidney
disease
(CKD)
is
estimated
to
affect
10–14%
of
global
population.
Kidney
fibrosis,
characterized
by
excessive
extracellular
matrix
deposition
leading
scarring,
a
hallmark
manifestation
in
different
progressive
CKD;
However,
at
present
no
antifibrotic
therapies
against
CKD
exist.
fibrosis
identified
tubule
atrophy,
interstitial
chronic
inflammation
and
fibrogenesis,
glomerulosclerosis,
vascular
rarefaction.
Fibrotic
niche,
where
organ
initiates,
complex
interplay
between
injured
parenchyma
(like
tubular
cells)
multiple
non-parenchymal
cell
lineages
(immune
mesenchymal
located
spatially
within
scarring
areas.
Although
the
mechanisms
are
complicated
due
kinds
cells
involved,
with
help
single-cell
technology,
many
key
questions
have
been
explored,
such
as
what
kind
renal
tubules
profibrotic,
myofibroblasts
originate,
which
immune
how
communicate
each
other.
In
addition,
genetics
epigenetics
deeper
that
regulate
fibrosis.
And
reversible
nature
epigenetic
changes
including
DNA
methylation,
RNA
interference,
chromatin
remodeling,
gives
an
opportunity
stop
or
reverse
therapeutic
strategies.
More
marketed
(e.g.,
RAS
blockage,
SGLT2
inhibitors)
developed
delay
progression
recent
years.
Furthermore,
better
understanding
also
favored
discover
biomarkers
fibrotic
injury.
review,
we
update
advances
mechanism
summarize
novel
treatment
for
CKD.
Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
380(6649)
Published: June 8, 2023
Aging
is
associated
with
changes
in
circulating
levels
of
various
molecules,
some
which
remain
undefined.
We
find
that
concentrations
taurine
decline
aging
mice,
monkeys,
and
humans.
A
reversal
this
through
supplementation
increased
the
health
span
(the
period
healthy
living)
life
mice
monkeys.
Mechanistically,
reduced
cellular
senescence,
protected
against
telomerase
deficiency,
suppressed
mitochondrial
dysfunction,
decreased
DNA
damage,
attenuated
inflammaging.
In
humans,
lower
correlated
several
age-related
diseases
after
acute
endurance
exercise.
Thus,
deficiency
may
be
a
driver
because
its
increases
worms,
rodents,
primates
worms
rodents.
Clinical
trials
humans
seem
warranted
to
test
whether
might
drive
