International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(12), P. 10384 - 10384
Published: June 20, 2023
Signaling-pathway
analyses
and
the
investigation
of
gene
responses
to
different
stimuli
are
usually
performed
in
2D
monocultures.
However,
within
glomerulus,
cells
grow
3D
involved
direct
paracrine
interactions
with
glomerular
cell
types.
Thus,
results
from
monoculture
experiments
must
be
taken
caution.
We
cultured
endothelial
cells,
podocytes
mesangial
2D/3D
monocultures
co-cultures
analyzed
survival,
self-assembly,
expression,
cell-cell
interaction,
pathways
using
live/dead
assay,
time-lapse
analysis,
bulk-RNA
sequencing,
qPCR,
immunofluorescence
staining.
Without
any
need
for
scaffolds,
self-organized
into
spheroids.
Podocyte-
cell-specific
markers
extracellular
matrix
were
increased
compared
co-cultures.
Housekeeping
genes
chosen
wisely,
as
many
used
normalization
expression
themselves
affected
culture
conditions.
The
transport
podocyte-derived
VEGFA
confirmed
intercellular
crosstalk
co-culture
models.
enhanced
important
function
3D,
2D,
questions
reliability
currently
Hence,
might
more
suitable
study
communication,
disease
modelling
drug
screening
ex
vivo.
Bioprinting,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
32, P. e00274 - e00274
Published: April 15, 2023
3D-bioprinting
has
become
a
valid
technique
for
tissue
and
organ
regeneration,
as
the
printing
of
living
cells
is
allowed
while
hydrogel-based
ink
material
provides
them
mechanical
structural
support.
Self-healing
shear-thinning
hydrogel
inks
can
be
considered
most
promising
materials
extrusion-based
bioprinting
(EBB),
because
extruded
due
to
decrease
in
viscosity
under
shear,
self-healed
after
removing
which
ensures
safe
shape
fidelity
bioprinting.
To
achieve
best
final
result,
some
technique,
biological
aspects
need
considered.
In
addition,
versatile
characterization
pre-
post-printing
properties
helps
improve
bioprinted
constructs.
However,
despite
great
advances
3D-bioprinting,
related
challenges
such
opposing
characteristics,
lack
controllable
micro-environment,
or
technological
increase
speed
print
resolution
must
resolved.
terms
characterization,
more
standardization
also
needed.
computational
modeling
would
help
performance
construct.
Thus,
future
going
towards
larger
multifunctional
tissue/organ
constructs
with
multi-scale
vascularization
innervation.
Multiple
techniques
are
probably
combined,
but
completely
new
Further,
multimaterial
enable
heterogeneity
gradients
On
other
hand,
using
4D-bioprinting,
dynamic
nature
complex
organs
could
added
By
combining
microphysiological
platforms
(tissue-
organ-on-a-chip
systems)
development
functional
tissues
intended
implantation
go
forward.
The
translation
EBB
into
clinical
practice
still
early
stages,
potential
regenerative
medicine
challenges,
biomimicry,
reproducibility
up-scaling
issues
have
been
overcome.
this
review,
design
property
requirements
ideal
bioink,
bioinks
presented.
Also,
prospects
discussed.
Nature Reviews Bioengineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
1(3), P. 208 - 225
Published: Feb. 2, 2023
Oral
administration
is
a
widespread
and
convenient
drug
delivery
approach.
However,
oral
can
be
affected
by
the
complex
digestive
tract
environment,
including
irregular
tissue
morphology,
presence
of
enzymes,
mucus
mucosal
barriers,
spatiotemporal
variance
in
physiological
parameters.
These
obstacles
prevent
many
therapeutics.
To
overcome
these
challenges,
devices
designed
with
bioinspired
compositions,
structures
or
functions
to
make
more
drugs
available
for
administration.
Various
have
been
developed
harnessing
biological
materials
living
microorganisms,
imitating
functions.
In
this
Review,
we
discuss
design
modification
devices,
examining
engineering
strategies
target
specific
tissues
applications.
We
highlight
how
key
bottlenecks
addressed
through
designs,
concluding
an
outlook
on
remaining
challenges
towards
clinical
translation
devices.
commonly
used
strategy
deliver
harsh
environment
prevents
negatively
affect
efficacy.
This
Review
discusses
microorganisms
into
that
associated
delivery.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(18), P. 6889 - 6889
Published: Sept. 13, 2022
Bioengineered
in
vitro
models
of
the
kidney
offer
unprecedented
opportunities
to
better
mimic
vivo
microenvironment.
Kidney-on-a-chip
technology
reproduces
2D
or
3D
features
which
can
replicate
tissue
architecture,
composition,
and
dynamic
mechanical
forces
experienced
by
cells
vivo.
Kidney
are
exposed
stimuli
such
as
substrate
stiffness,
shear
stress,
compression,
stretch,
regulate
multiple
cellular
functions.
Incorporating
kidney-on-a-chip
is
critically
important
for
recapitulating
physiological
pathological
This
review
will
explore
approaches
applying
different
cell
types
using
how
these
systems
used
study
physiology,
model
disease,
screen
drug
toxicity.
We
further
discuss
sensor
integration
into
monitoring
responses
other
stimuli.
advantages,
limitations,
challenges
associated
with
incorporating
a
variety
applications.
Overall,
this
aims
highlight
importance
design
implementation
devices.
Biofabrication,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(4), P. 042002 - 042002
Published: Aug. 17, 2023
Abstract
The
in
vitro
simulation
of
organs
resolves
the
accuracy,
ethical,
and
cost
challenges
accompanying
vivo
experiments.
Organoids
organs-on-chips
have
been
developed
to
model
,
real-time
biological
physiological
features
organs.
Numerous
studies
deployed
these
systems
assess
responses
an
organ
external
stimuli.
Particularly,
can
be
most
efficiently
employed
pharmaceutical
drug
development
predict
before
approving
such
drugs.
Furthermore,
multi-organ-on-a-chip
facilitate
close
representations
environment.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
biosensing
technology
that
facilitates
situ
measurements
as
readouts
on
organ-on-a-chip
systems,
including
multi-organ
models.
Notably,
a
human-on-a-chip
system
integrated
with
automated
multi-sensing
will
established
by
further
advancing
chips,
well
their
assessment
techniques.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(5), P. 666 - 666
Published: May 16, 2024
Organ-on-a-chip
technology
is
attracting
growing
interest
across
various
domains
as
a
crucial
platform
for
drug
screening
and
testing
set
to
play
significant
role
in
precision
medicine
research.
Lymph
nodes,
being
intricately
structured
organs
essential
the
body’s
adaptive
immune
responses
antigens
foreign
particles,
are
pivotal
assessing
immunotoxicity
of
novel
pharmaceuticals.
Significant
progress
has
been
made
research
on
structure
function
lymphatic
system.
However,
there
still
an
urgent
need
develop
prospective
tools
techniques
delve
deeper
into
its
diseases’
pathological
physiological
processes
corresponding
immunotherapeutic
therapies.
Organ
chips
can
accurately
reproduce
specific
functional
areas
lymph
nodes
better
simulate
complex
microstructure
interactions
between
different
cells,
which
convenient
studying
biological
processes.
This
paper
reviews
existing
node
their
design
approaches.
It
discusses
applications
above
systems
modeling
cell
motility,
cell–cell
interactions,
vaccine
responses,
testing,
cancer
Finally,
we
summarize
challenges
that
current
faces
terms
structure,
source,
extracellular
matrix
simulation
provide
outlook
future
direction
integrated
system
chips.
Biofabrication,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 044102 - 044102
Published: June 14, 2022
Abstract
Despite
the
increasing
incidence
of
kidney-related
diseases,
we
are
still
far
from
understanding
underlying
mechanisms
these
diseases
and
their
progression.
This
lack
is
partly
because
a
poor
replication
in
vitro,
limited
to
planar
culture.
Advancing
towards
three-dimensional
models,
hereby
propose
coaxial
printing
obtain
microfibers
containing
helical
hollow
microchannel.
These
recapitulate
architecture
proximal
tubule
(PT),
an
important
nephron
segment
often
affected
kidney
disorders.
A
stable
gelatin/alginate-based
ink
was
formulated
allow
printability
while
maintaining
structural
properties.
Fine-tuning
composition,
temperature
extrusion
rate
allowed
for
optimal
viscosity
that
led
coiling
microfiber’s
inner
channel.
The
printed
exhibited
prolonged
stability
(42
days)
cytocompatibility
Healthy
conditionally
immortalized
PT
epithelial
cells
knockout
cell
model
cystinosis
(
CTNS
-/-
)
were
seeded
mimic
two
genotypes
PT.
Upon
culturing
14
days,
engineered
showed
homogenous
cytoskeleton
organization
as
indicated
by
staining
filamentous
actin,
barrier-formation
polarization
with
apical
marker
α
-tubulin
basolateral
Na
+
/K
-ATPase.
Cell
viability
slightly
decreased
upon
which
more
pronounced
microfibers.
Finally,
reduced
transport
activity
compared
healthy
when
looking
at
breast
cancer
resistance
protein
multidrug
resistance-associated
4.
Engineered
incorporated
custom-designed
microfluidic
chip
assess
leak-tightness
epithelium,
appeared
less
tight
PT,
agreement
its
vivo
phenotype.
While
on
verge
patient-oriented
medicine,
this
system
holds
great
promise
further
research
establishing
advanced
vitro
disease
models.
Materials Today Bio,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 100269 - 100269
Published: March 1, 2022
The
lymph
node
(LN)
is
a
vital
organ
of
the
lymphatic
and
immune
system
that
enables
timely
detection,
response,
clearance
harmful
substances
from
body.
Each
LN
comprises
distinct
substructures,
which
host
plethora
cell
types
working
in
tandem
to
coordinate
complex
innate
adaptive
responses.
An
improved
understanding
biology
could
facilitate
treatment
LN-associated
pathologies
immunotherapeutic
interventions,
yet
at
present,
animal
models,
often
have
poor
physiological
relevance,
are
most
popular
experimental
platforms.
Emerging
biomaterial
engineering
offers
powerful
alternatives,
with
potential
circumvent
limitations
for
in-depth
characterization
system.
In
addition,
mathematical
computational
approaches,
particularly
current
age
big
data
research,
reliable
tools
verify
complement
works.
this
review,
we
first
discuss
importance
immunity
protection
followed
by
recent
advances
using
biomaterials
create
vitro/vivo
LN-mimicking
models
recreate
lymphoid
tissue
microstructure
microenvironment,
as
well
describe
related
immuno-functionality
biological
investigation.
We
also
explore
great
serve
silico
supports.
Furthermore,
suggest
how
both
approaches
can
be
integrated
strengthen
basic
patho-biological
translational
drug
screening
clinical
personalized
therapies.
hope
review
will
promote
synergistic
collaborations
accelerate
progress
systems
enhance
immuno-complexity.