Npas1+-Nkx2.1+Neurons Are an Integral Part of the Cortico-pallido-cortical Loop DOI Creative Commons
Zachary A. Abecassis, Brianna L. Berceau, Phyo H. Win

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 40(4), P. 743 - 768

Published: Dec. 6, 2019

Within the basal ganglia circuit, external globus pallidus (GPe) is critically involved in motor control. Aside from Foxp2 + neurons and ChAT that have been established as unique neuron types, there little consensus on classification of GPe neurons. Properties remaining types are poorly defined. In this study, we leverage new mouse lines, viral tools, molecular markers to better define subtypes. We found Sox6 represents a novel, defining marker for Lhx6 lack expression were devoid both parvalbumin Npas1. This result confirms previous assertions existence population. Neurons arise Dbx1 lineage similarly abundant displayed heterogeneous makeup. Importantly, tracing experiments revealed Npas1 -Nkx2.1 represent principal noncholinergic, cortically-projecting other words, they form pallido-cortical arm cortico-pallido-cortical loop. Our data further show pyramidal-tract cortex collateralized within GPe, forming closed-loop system between two brain structures. Overall, our findings reconcile some discrepancies arose differences techniques or reliance preexisting tools. Although spatial distribution electrophysiological properties reaffirm diversification subtypes, statistical analyses strongly support notion these subtypes can be categorized under classes: PV SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The poor understanding neuronal composition undermines ability interrogate its precise behavioral disease involvements. 12 different genetic crosses used, hundreds electrophysiologically characterized, >100,000 histologically- and/or anatomically-profiled. current study establishes segregation classes illustrates complexity adult mice. results idea –Nkx2.1 distinct subclass. By providing detailed analysis organization cortico-pallidal-cortical projection, establish cellular circuit substrates important function dysfunction.

Language: Английский

The orbitofrontal cortex: reward, emotion and depression DOI Creative Commons
Edmund T. Rolls, Wei Cheng, Jianfeng Feng

et al.

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Abstract The orbitofrontal cortex in primates including humans is the key brain area emotion, and representation of reward value non-reward, that not obtaining an expected reward. Cortical processing before about identity stimuli, i.e. ‘what’ present, value. There evidence this holds for taste, visual, somatosensory olfactory stimuli. human medial represents many different types reward, lateral non-reward punishment. Not can lead to sadness, feeling depressed. concept advanced important region depression cortex, with related over-responsiveness over-connectedness non-reward-related under-responsiveness under-connectivity reward-related cortex. Evidence from large-scale voxel-level studies supported by activation study described provides support hypothesis. Increased functional connectivity areas include precuneus, posterior cingulate angular gyrus found patients reduced towards levels controls when treated medication. Decreased temporal lobe involved memory depression. Some treatments may act reducing activity or New increase be useful These concepts, increased attractor networks, have potential advancing our understanding treatment focus on humans, because differences operation indeed systems, rodents. Finally, hypothesis developed has a special role emotion decision-making part as cortical it implement networks maintaining emotional states online, decision-making.

Language: Английский

Citations

294
A Unified Framework for Dopamine Signals across Timescales DOI Creative Commons
HyungGoo R. Kim, Athar N. Malik, John G. Mikhael

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 183(6), P. 1600 - 1616.e25

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

275
SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery DOI Creative Commons
Justin J. Frere, Randal A. Serafini, Kerri D. Pryce

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(664)

Published: June 7, 2022

The host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can result in prolonged pathologies collectively referred as post-acute sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. To better understand the mechanism underlying COVID biology, we compared short- and long-term systemic responses golden hamster after either SARS-CoV-2 influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Results demonstrated that exceeded IAV its capacity cause permanent injury lung kidney uniquely affected olfactory bulb (OB) epithelium (OE). Despite a lack detectable infectious virus, OB OE myeloid T cell activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, an interferon correlated with behavioral changes extending month viral clearance. These sustained transcriptional could also be corroborated from tissue isolated individuals who recovered COVID-19. data highlight molecular for persistent symptomology provide small animal model explore future therapeutics.

Language: Английский

Citations

196
Dopamine and Noradrenaline in the Brain; Overlapping or Dissociate Functions? DOI Creative Commons
Yadollah Ranjbar‐Slamloo, Zeinab Fazlali

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 21, 2020

Dopamine and noradrenaline are crucial neuromodulators controlling brain states, vigilance, action, reward, learning, memory processes. Ventral tegmental area (VTA) Locus Coeruleus (LC) canonically described as the main sources of dopamine (DA) (NA) with dissociate functions. A comparison diverse studies shows that these largely overlap in multiple domains such shared biosynthetic pathway co-release from LC terminals, convergent innervations, non-specificity receptors transporters, intracellular signaling pathways. DA-NA interactions mainly studied prefrontal cortex hippocampus, yet it can be extended to whole given diversity catecholamine innervations. simultaneously broadcast both across brain. Here, we briefly review molecular, cellular, physiological overlaps between DA NA systems point their functional implications. We suggest may function parallel facilitate learning maintain states required for normal cognitive Various modules have been targeted developing therapeutics. Understanding two is more effective interventions a range neuropsychiatric conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

174
The basal ganglia and the cerebellum in human emotion DOI Creative Commons
Jordan E. Pierce, Julie Péron

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 599 - 613

Published: May 1, 2020

Abstract The basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum historically have been relegated to a functional role in producing or modulating motor output. Recent research, however, has emphasized importance of these subcortical structures multiple domains, including affective processes such as emotion recognition, subjective feeling elicitation reward valuation. pathways through thalamus that connect BG directly each other with extensive regions cortex provide structural basis for their combined influence on limbic function. By regulating cortical oscillations guide learning strengthening rewarded behaviors thought patterns achieve desired goal state, can shape way an individual emotional stimuli. This review will discuss basic structure function propose updated view human processing.

Language: Английский

Citations

140
Emotion, motivation, decision-making, the orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and the amygdala DOI Creative Commons
Edmund T. Rolls

Brain Structure and Function, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 228(5), P. 1201 - 1257

Published: May 13, 2023

The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala are involved in emotion motivation, but the relationship between these functions performed by brain structures is not clear. To address this, a unified theory of motivation described which motivational states instrumental goal-directed actions to obtain rewards or avoid punishers, emotional that elicited when reward punisher received. This greatly simplifies our understanding for same set genes associated systems can define primary unlearned punishers such as sweet taste pain. Recent evidence on connectivity human indicates value experienced with outputs cortical regions including those language, key region depression changes motivation. has weak effective back humans, implicated brainstem-mediated responses stimuli freezing autonomic activity, rather than declarative emotion. anterior cingulate learning rewards, ventromedial prefrontal providing goals navigation reward-related effects memory consolidation mediated partly via cholinergic system.

Language: Английский

Citations

126
Spatial goal coding in the hippocampal formation DOI Creative Commons
Nils Nyberg, Éléonore Duvelle, Caswell Barry

et al.

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(3), P. 394 - 422

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

119
Behavioural and dopaminergic signatures of resilience DOI
Lindsay Willmore,

Courtney Cameron,

John Yang

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 611(7934), P. 124 - 132

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

94
Reward signals in the cerebellum: Origins, targets, and functional implications DOI Creative Commons
Dimitar Kostadinov, Michael Häusser

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(8), P. 1290 - 1303

Published: March 23, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Top-down regulation of motivated behaviors via lateral septum sub-circuits DOI Creative Commons
B Antoine, Félix Leroy

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 3119 - 3128

Published: May 18, 2022

Abstract How does cognition regulate innate behaviors? While the cognitive functions of cortex have been extensively studied, we know much less about how can motivated behaviors to fulfill physiological, safety and social needs. Selection appropriate depends on external stimuli past experiences that helps scale priorities. With its abundant inputs from neocortical allocortical regions, lateral septum (LS) is ideally positioned integrate perception experience signals in order activity hypothalamic midbrain nuclei control behaviors. In addition, LS receives numerous subcortical modulatory inputs, which represent animal internal states also participate this regulation. perspective, argue sub-circuits distinct by integrating neural neocortical, neuromodulatory inputs. propose inhibition between may allow emergence functional units orchestrates competing

Language: Английский

Citations

75