What is a cell type and how to define it?

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(15), P. 2739 - 2755

Published: July 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Fovea-like Photoreceptor Specializations Underlie Single UV Cone Driven Prey-Capture Behavior in Zebrafish

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 107(2), P. 320 - 337.e6

Published: May 29, 2020

In the eye, function of same-type photoreceptors must be regionally adjusted to process a highly asymmetrical natural visual world. Here, we show that UV cones in larval zebrafish area temporalis are specifically tuned for UV-bright prey capture their upper frontal field, which may use signal from single cone at time. For this, UV-photon detection probability is boosted more than 10-fold. Next, vivo two-photon imaging, transcriptomics, and computational modeling reveal these an elevated baseline synaptic calcium facilitate encoding bright objects, turn results expressional tuning phototransduction genes. Moreover, light-driven slowed by interactions with horizontal cells later accentuated level glutamate release driving retinal networks. These regional differences tally variations between peripheral foveal primates hint common mechanistic origin.

Language: Английский

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A cell atlas of the chick retina based on single-cell transcriptomics

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 4, 2021

Retinal structure and function have been studied in many vertebrate orders, but molecular characterization has largely confined to mammals. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) generate a cell atlas of the chick retina. identified 136 types plus 14 positional or developmental intermediates distributed among six classes conserved across vertebrates – photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, retinal ganglion, glial cells. To assess morphology molecularly defined types, we adapted method for CRISPR-based integration reporters into selectively expressed genes. For Müller glia, found that transcriptionally distinct cells were regionally localized along anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral, central-peripheral axes. also immature horizontal cell, oligodendrocyte persist late embryonic stages. Finally, analyzed relationships chick, mouse, primate types. Our results provide foundation anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, studies avian visual system.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of neuronal cell classes and types in the vertebrate retina

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 624(7991), P. 415 - 424

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

Abstract The basic plan of the retina is conserved across vertebrates, yet species differ profoundly in their visual needs 1 . Retinal cell types may have evolved to accommodate these varied needs, but this has not been systematically studied. Here we generated and integrated single-cell transcriptomic atlases from 17 species: humans, two non-human primates, four rodents, three ungulates, opossum, ferret, tree shrew, a bird, reptile, teleost fish lamprey. We found high molecular conservation six retinal classes (photoreceptors, horizontal cells, bipolar amacrine ganglion cells (RGCs) Müller glia), with variation related evolutionary distance. Major subclasses were also conserved, whereas among within or was more pronounced. However, an integrative analysis revealed that numerous are shared species, based on gene expression programmes likely trace back early ancestral vertebrate. degree increased outer (photoreceptors) inner (RGCs), suggesting evolution acts preferentially shape output. Finally, identified rodent orthologues midget RGCs, which comprise than 80% RGCs human retina, subserve high-acuity vision, previously believed be restricted primates 2 By contrast, mouse large receptive fields around 2% RGCs. Projections both primate orthologous overrepresented thalamus, supplies primary cortex. suggest innovations, descendants evolutionarily ancient decreased size number as evolved, thereby facilitating acuity cortical processing information.

Language: Английский

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Ancestral photoreceptor diversity as the basis of visual behaviour

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 374 - 386

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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2D Materials‐Based Photodetectors with Bi‐Directional Responses in Enabling Intelligent Optical Sensing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Abstract With the rapid advancement of 2D material‐based optoelectronic devices, significant progress is made in development all‐optical logic synaptic biomimetic and multidimensional detection systems. As entering to high‐speed information era, there an urgent demand for complex, compact, multifunctional, low‐energy, intelligent sensing chips. Examining evolution current technologies reveals a parallel bipolar response mechanisms‐from simple positive negative responses more intricate inhibition‐promotion dynamics with persistent characteristics. This significantly broadens their applications devices. Moreover, compared unipolar responses, complex offer greater flexibility adaptation unique one‐to‐one mapping high‐dimensional parameters such as polarization, phase, spectrum, positioning them promising candidates breakthroughs resolution. In this review, design strategies are comprehensively explored various materials, highlighting deep advanced fields. It aimed review provide broad overview bi‐directional mechanisms, offering inspiration designing next generation

Language: Английский

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Transcriptomic neuron types vary topographically in function and morphology

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Abstract Neuronal phenotypic traits such as morphology, connectivity and function are dictated, to a large extent, by specific combination of differentially expressed genes. Clusters neurons in transcriptomic space correspond distinct cell types some cases—for example, Caenorhabditis elegans 1 retinal ganglion cells 2–4 —have been shown share morphology function. The zebrafish optic tectum is composed spatial array that transforms visual inputs into motor outputs. Although the visuotopic map continuous, subregions functionally specialized 5,6 . Here, uncover cell-type architecture tectum, we transcriptionally profiled its neurons, revealing more than 60 organized anatomical layers. We measured responses thousands tectal two-photon calcium imaging matched them with their transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, characterized morphologies identified using transgenic lines. Notably, found similar can diverge shape, responses. Incorporating coordinates within volume revealed morphologically defined subclusters individual clusters. Our findings demonstrate extrinsic, position-dependent factors expand repertoire genetically neurons.

Language: Английский

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True S-cones are concentrated in the ventral mouse retina and wired for color detection in the upper visual field

eLife, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 28, 2020

Color, an important visual cue for survival, is encoded by comparing signals from photoreceptors with different spectral sensitivities. The mouse retina expresses a short wavelength-sensitive and middle/long opsin (S- M-opsin), forming opposing, overlapping gradients along the dorsal-ventral axis. Here, we analyzed distribution of all cone types across entire two commonly used strains. We found, unexpectedly, that ‘true S-cones’ (S-opsin only) are highly concentrated (up to 30% cones) in ventral retina. Moreover, S-cone bipolar cells (SCBCs) also skewed towards retina, wiring patterns matching true S-cones. In addition, S-cones form clusters, which may augment synaptic input SCBCs. Such unique SCBC connecting pattern forms basis color vision, likely reflecting evolutionary adaptation enhance coding upper field suitable mice’s habitat behavior.

Language: Английский

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Cell-type-specific binocular vision guides predation in mice

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(9), P. 1527 - 1539.e4

Published: March 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Retinal Ganglion Cells—Diversity of Cell Types and Clinical Relevance

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 21, 2021

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect retinal input to visual processing centres within central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity of RGCs and various subtypes have unique morphological features, distinct functions, characteristic pathways linking inner retina relevant brain areas. A number psychophysical electrophysiological tests been refined investigate this large varied population RGCs. Technological advances, such as high-resolution optical coherence tomography imaging, provided additional tools define pattern RGC involvement chronological sequence events in both inherited acquired optic neuropathies. The mechanistic insights gained from these studies, particular selective vulnerability relative resilience subtypes, fundamental importance they directly development targeted therapies for invariably progressive blinding diseases. This review provides comprehensive description types RGCs, developments proposed methods classification, current gaps our knowledge how differentially affected depending on underlying aetiology. synthesis body potentially amenable therapeutic modulation will hopefully lead much needed effective treatments patients with

Language: Английский

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