Enhancing myelin renewal reverses cognitive dysfunction in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(14), P. 2292 - 2307.e5

Published: June 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning memory possibly cognition vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program implement vision multidisciplinary field OI. This aims establish OI as form genuine biological computing that harnesses using scientific bioengineering an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated can now be produced with high cell density enriched levels glial cells gene expression for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems support scalable durable culturing, spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution electrophysiological signaling recording explore capacity recapitulate mechanisms formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training organoid-computer interfaces are development. We envisage complex, networked whereby connected real-world sensors output devices, ultimately each other sensory organ (e.g. retinal organoids), trained biofeedback, big-data warehousing, machine methods. In parallel, emphasize embedded ethics approach analyze ethical raised by research iterative, manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications this urge strategic development discipline. anticipate OI-based allow faster decision-making, continuous during tasks, greater energy data efficiency. Furthermore, “intelligence-in-a-dish” help elucidate pathophysiology devastating developmental degenerative diseases (such dementia), potentially aiding identification therapeutic approaches address major global unmet needs.

Language: Английский

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Can MRI measure myelin? Systematic review, qualitative assessment, and meta-analysis of studies validating microstructural imaging with myelin histology

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 230, P. 117744 - 117744

Published: Jan. 30, 2021

Recent years have seen an increased understanding of the importance myelination in healthy brain function and neuropsychiatric diseases. Non-invasive microstructural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds potential to expand translate these insights basic clinical human research, but sensitivity specificity different MR markers is a subject debate. To consolidate current knowledge on topic, we perform systematic review meta-analysis studies that validate by combining it with myelin histology. We find meta-analytic evidence for correlations between various histology metrics from MRI modalities, including fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, macromolecular pool, magnetization transfer ratio, susceptibility longitudinal relaxation rate, not mean diffusivity. Meta-analytic correlation effect sizes range widely, R2 = 0.26 0.82. However, formal comparisons MRI-based are limited methodological variability, inconsistent reporting publication bias, thus preventing establishment single most sensitive strategy measure MRI. facilitate further progress, provide detailed characterisation evaluated as online resource. also share set 12 recommendations future validating putative MR-based deploying them vivo humans.

Language: Английский

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From Synapses to Circuits, Astrocytes Regulate Behavior

Frontiers in Neural Circuits, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells that regulate synapses, neuronal circuits, and behavior. ensheath synapses to form the tripartite synapse where astrocytes influence formation, function, plasticity. Beyond synapse, recent research has revealed astrocyte influences on nervous system extend modulation of circuitry Here we review findings active role in behavioral with a focus vivo studies, primarily mice. Using tools acutely manipulate astrocytes, such as optogenetics or chemogenetics, studies reviewed here have demonstrated causal for sleep, memory, sensorimotor behaviors, feeding, fear, anxiety, cognitive processes like attention flexibility. Current future directions astrocyte-specific manipulation, including methods probing heterogeneity, discussed. Understanding contribution circuit activity organismal behavior will be critical toward understanding how function gives rise

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocyte–axon metabolic coupling is mediated by extracellular K+ and maintains axonal health

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 433 - 448

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

The integrity of myelinated axons relies on homeostatic support from oligodendrocytes (OLs). To determine how OLs detect axonal spiking and rapid axon-OL metabolic coupling is regulated in the white matter, we studied activity-dependent calcium (Ca

Language: Английский

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Functional myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(1)

Published: April 13, 2024

Abstract In vertebrates, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for formation myelin sheath that surrounds axons neurons. The plays a crucial role in transmission neuronal information by promoting rapid saltatory conduction action potentials and providing neurons with structural metabolic support. Saltatory conduction, first described peripheral (PNS), is now generally recognized as universal evolutionary innovation to respond quickly environment: helps us think act fast. Nevertheless, system, especially brain, may not be primarily focused on accelerating speed but rather ensuring precision. Its principal function could coordinate various networks, their synchronization through oscillations (or rhythms) relevant specific processing tasks. Interestingly, has been directly involved different types cognitive processes relying brain oscillations, plasticity currently considered part fundamental mechanisms memory maintenance. However, despite ample evidence showing involvement cognition neurodevelopmental disorders characterized impairments, link between myelin, disease yet fully understood. this review, we aim highlight what known remains explored understand high order processes.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols and neuroprotection: Therapeutic implications for cognitive decline

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 108013 - 108013

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in neural cell interaction and CNS homeostasis

FASEB BioAdvances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(8), P. 577 - 592

Published: April 29, 2021

Central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis critically depends on the interaction between neurons and glia cells. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as versatile messengers in CNS cell communication. EVs are released by activity-dependent manner address multiple target cells within outside system. Here, we summarize recent advances understanding physiological roles of their ability to deliver signals across barriers. In addition disposal cellular components via clearance phagocytic cells, involved plasticity-associated processes, mediate trophic support neuroprotection, promote axonal maintenance, modulate neuroinflammation. While individual functional EV cargo becoming progressively identified, role neural compound multimodal signaling entities remains be elucidated. Novel transgenic models imaging technologies allow tracking vivo provide further insight into targeting mode action. Overall, represent key players maintenance essential for lifelong performance networks thus a wide spectrum biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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Glial Cells as Therapeutic Approaches in Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1639 - 1639

Published: June 30, 2021

Ischemic stroke is the second cause of mortality and first long-term disability constituting a serious socioeconomic burden worldwide. Approved treatments include thrombectomy rtPA intravenous administration, which, despite their efficacy in some cases, are not suitable for great proportion patients. Glial cell-related therapies progressively overcoming inefficient neuron-centered approaches preclinical phase. Exploiting ability microglia to naturally switch between detrimental protective phenotypes represents promising therapeutic treatment, similar way what happens with astrocytes. However, duality present many roles these cells upon ischemia poses notorious difficulty disentangling precise pathways target. Still, promoting M2/A2 microglia/astrocyte inhibiting M1/A1 neurotoxic profiles globally rendering results different vivo models stroke. On other hand, described oligodendrogenesis after brain seems be strictly beneficial, although less studied players paradigm negative effects could oligodendrocytes next years. Here, we review recent advances understanding role mentioned glial cell types main pathological events ischemic stroke, including inflammation, blood barrier integrity, excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen species management, metabolic support, neurogenesis, among others, special attention tested approaches.

Language: Английский

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The aging mouse brain: cognition, connectivity and calcium

Cell Calcium, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 94, P. 102358 - 102358

Published: Jan. 23, 2021

Aging is a complex process that differentially impacts multiple cognitive, sensory, neuronal and molecular processes. Technological innovations now allow for parallel investigation of circuit function, structure composition in the brain awake behaving adult mice. Thus, mice have become critical tool to better understand how aging brain. However, more granular systems-based approach, which considers impact age on key features relating neural processing, required. Here, we review evidence probing mouse We focus range processes including cognitive abilities, sensory systems, synaptic plasticity calcium regulation. Across many find prominent age-related dysregulation even before 12 months age, suggesting emerging alterations can manifest by late adulthood. also reports some are remarkably resilient aging. The suggests does not drive parallel, linear all but instead earlier, severely, than others. propose capturing fine-scale vulnerability resilience may provide opportunities rejuvenation aged

Language: Английский

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