Cortical neurons exhibit diverse myelination patterns that scale between mouse brain regions and regenerate after demyelination

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

ABSTRACT Axons in the cerebral cortex show a broad range of myelin coverage. Oligodendrocytes establish this pattern by selecting cohort axons for myelination; however, distribution on distinct neurons and extent internode replacement after demyelination remain to be defined. Here we that myelination patterns seven neuron subtypes somatosensory are influenced both axon diameter neuronal identity. Preference parvalbumin interneurons was preserved between cortical areas with varying density, suggesting regional differences abundance arises through local control oligodendrogenesis. By imaging loss regeneration sheaths vivo individual altered but overall content restored. Our findings suggest changes tolerated, allowing regenerated oligodendrocytes restore opportunistic selection axons.

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells sculpt the visual system by regulating axonal remodeling

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 280 - 284

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Many oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) do not differentiate to form myelin, suggesting additional roles of this cell population. The zebrafish optic tectum contains OPCs in regions devoid myelin. Elimination these impaired precise control retinal ganglion axon arbor size during formation and maturation retinotectal connectivity degraded functional processing visual stimuli. Therefore, fine-tune neural circuits independently their canonical role make

Language: Английский

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Myelin lipid metabolism and its role in myelination and myelin maintenance

The Innovation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 100360 - 100360

Published: Dec. 7, 2022

Myelin is a specialized cell membrane indispensable for rapid nerve conduction. The high abundance of lipids one myelin's salient features that contribute to its unique role as an insulator electrically isolates fibers across their myelinated surface. most abundant in myelin include cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and plasmalogens, each playing critical roles development well function. This review serves summarize the lipid metabolism myelination maintenance, molecular determinants homeostasis, with emphasis on findings from genetic models. In addition, implications dysmetabolism human diseases are highlighted context hereditary leukodystrophies neuropathies acquired disorders such Alzheimer's disease.

Language: Английский

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Myelin in Alzheimer’s disease: culprit or bystander?

Acta Neuropathologica Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: March 31, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal and synaptic losses due to the accumulation of toxic amyloid β (Αβ) peptide oligomers, plaques, tangles containing tau (tubulin-associated unit) protein. While familial AD caused by specific mutations, sporadic more common appears result from complex chronic brain neuroinflammation mitochondriopathies, inducing free radicals' accumulation. In aged brain, mutations in DNA several unfolded proteins participate amyloidosis response effect on myelin sheath axons, leading cognitive deficits dementia. Αβ peptides are most frequent form oligomers. Accumulations misfolded during years alters different metabolic mechanisms, induce inflammatory immune responses consequences cells. Myelin composition architecture may appear be an early target for activity Aβ others hydrophobic proteins. this work, we describe possible role alterations genesis onset symptomatology. We propose that some pathophysiological clinical forms arise structural disorders processes myelination/demyelination regions where non-functional important. these forms, primacy deleterious would matter questioning initiating neuropathology primarily fact dysmyelination.

Language: Английский

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Myelination-independent functions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 1663 - 1669

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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Small molecule modulators of chromatin remodeling: from neurodevelopment to neurodegeneration

Cell & Bioscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract The dynamic changes in chromatin conformation alter the organization and structure of genome further regulate gene transcription. Basically, is controlled by reversible, enzyme-catalyzed covalent modifications to components noncovalent ATP-dependent via remodeling complexes, including switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF), inositol-requiring 80 (INO80), imitation switch (ISWI) chromodomain-helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) complexes. Recent studies have shown that essential different stages postnatal adult neurogenesis. Chromatin deregulation, which leads defects epigenetic regulation pathological expression programs, often causes a wide range pathologies. This review first gives an overview regulatory mechanisms remodeling. We then focus mainly on discussing physiological functions remodeling, particularly histone DNA four classes chromatin-remodeling enzymes, central peripheral nervous systems under healthy conditions, is, neurodegenerative disorders. Finally, we provide update development potent selective small molecule modulators targeting various chromatin-modifying proteins commonly associated with diseases their potential clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 7, 2023

The human brain supports social cognitive functions, including Theory of Mind, empathy, and compassion, through its intrinsic hierarchical organization. However, it remains unclear how the learning refinement skills shapes function structure. We studied if different types mental training induce changes in cortical microstructure, investigating 332 healthy adults (197 women, 20–55 years) with repeated multimodal neuroimaging behavioral testing. Our approach examined longitudinal functional gradients myelin-sensitive T1 relaxometry, two complementary measures observed marked which varied as a content. In particular, microstructure changed result attention-mindfulness socio-cognitive regions functionally associated attention interoception, insular parietal cortices. Conversely, socio-affective resulted differential microstructural classically implicated interoceptive emotional processing, orbitofrontal areas, but did not reorganization. Notably, predicted change attention, compassion perspective-taking. work demonstrates plasticity after social-interoceptive illustrates bidirectional relationship between organisation skills.

Language: Английский

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Structural connectome architecture shapes the maturation of cortical morphology from childhood to adolescence

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Abstract Cortical thinning is an important hallmark of the maturation brain morphology during childhood and adolescence. However, connectome-based wiring mechanism that underlies cortical remains unclear. Here, we show patterns primarily located in lateral frontal parietal heteromodal nodes adolescence, which are structurally constrained by white matter network architecture particularly represented using a network-based diffusion model. Furthermore, constraints regionally heterogeneous, with largest residing frontoparietal nodes, associated gene expression signatures microstructural neurodevelopmental events. These results highly reproducible another independent dataset. findings advance our understanding network-level mechanisms genetic basis maturational process

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocytes and myelin limit neuronal plasticity in visual cortex

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 633(8031), P. 856 - 863

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Abstract Developmental myelination is a protracted process in the mammalian brain 1 . One theory for why oligodendrocytes mature so slowly posits that may stabilize neuronal circuits and temper plasticity as animals age 2–4 We tested this visual cortex, which has well-defined critical period experience-dependent 5 During adolescence, experience modulated rate of oligodendrocyte maturation cortex. To determine whether turn regulates plasticity, we genetically blocked differentiation adolescent mice. In adult mice lacking oligodendrogenesis, brief monocular deprivation led to significant decrease cortex responses deprived eye, reminiscent normally restricted adolescence. This enhanced functional was accompanied by greater turnover dendritic spines coordinated reductions spine size following deprivation. Furthermore, inhibitory synaptic transmission, gates at circuit level, diminished absence oligodendrogenesis. These results establish role shaping stabilization cortical support concept developmental acting brake on plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Cortico-basal ganglia plasticity in motor learning

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(15), P. 2486 - 2502

Published: July 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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