Different time encoding strategies within the medial premotor areas of the primate DOI Creative Commons
Hugo Merchant, Germán Mendoza, Oswaldo Pérez

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 29, 2023

Abstract The measurement of time in the subsecond scale is critical for many sophisticated behaviors, yet its neural underpinnings are largely unknown. Recent neurophysiological experiments from our laboratory have shown that activity medial premotor areas (MPC) macaques can represent different aspects temporal processing. During interval categorization, we found preSMA encodes a subjective category limit by reaching peak at divides set test intervals into short and long. We also observed signals associated with selected subjects reward outcomes perceptual decision. On other hand, studied behavioral basis rhythmic timing. First, tapping tasks able to produce predictively accurately cued auditory or visual metronomes when produced internally without sensory guidance. In addition, timing mechanism MPC governed layers clocks. Next, instantaneous single cells shows ramping encode elapsed remaining movement. neurons build sequences, forming dynamic patterns activation flexibly cover all depending on tempo. This clock resets every providing an internal representation pulse. Furthermore, show mixed selectivity, encoding not only time, but tempo serial order element sequence. Hence, map task parameters, including passage using cell populations. Finally, projection varying hundreds low dimensional state space showed circular trajectories whose geometry pulse Overall, these findings support notion part core both timing, clocks principles, probably mix parameters.

Language: Английский

Lost in time: Relocating the perception of duration outside the brain DOI Creative Commons
David Robbe

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 105312 - 105312

Published: July 17, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Direct contribution of the sensory cortex to the judgment of stimulus duration DOI Creative Commons
Sebastian Reinartz, Arash Fassihi, Maria Ravera

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 24, 2024

Decision making frequently depends on monitoring the duration of sensory events. To determine whether, and how, perception elapsed time derives from neuronal representation stimulus itself, we recorded optogenetically modulated vibrissal somatosensory cortical activity as male rats judged vibration duration. Perceived was dilated by optogenetic excitation. A second set intensity; here, excitation amplified intensity percept, demonstrating cortex to be common gateway both feature processing. model beginning with membrane currents evoked drive culminating in perceived successfully replicated rats' choices. Time is thus deeply intermeshed within processing pathway sense touch suggesting that experience may further investigated toolbox coding.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Time for Memories DOI Creative Commons
Dean V. Buonomano, György Buzsáki, Lila Davachi

et al.

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(45), P. 7565 - 7574

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

The ability to store information about the past dynamically predict and prepare for future is among most fundamental tasks brain performs. To date, problems of understanding how stores organizes (memory) represents processes temporal adaptive behavior have generally been studied as distinct cognitive functions. This Symposium explores inherent link between memory cognition, well potential shared neural mechanisms them. We suggest that working implicit timing are interconnected may share overlapping mechanisms. Additionally, we explore structure encoded in associative episodic and, conversely, influences on subsequent anticipation perception time. sequences provide a general computational motif contributes memory, spatiotemporal coding recall episodes.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Multi-timescale reinforcement learning in the brain DOI Creative Commons
Paul Masset, Pablo Tano, HyungGoo R. Kim

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 14, 2023

To thrive in complex environments, animals and artificial agents must learn to act adaptively maximize fitness rewards. Such adaptive behavior can be learned through reinforcement learning

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Measuring the perception and metacognition of time DOI Creative Commons
Simon J. Cropper, Daniel R. Little,

Liheng Xu

et al.

Journal of Vision, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 5 - 5

Published: March 20, 2024

The ability of humans to identify and reproduce short time intervals (in the region a second) may be affected by many factors ranging from gender personality individual observer, through attentional state, precise spatiotemporal structure stimulus. relative roles these very different are challenge describe define; several methodological approaches have been used achieve this varying degrees success. Here we model results paradigm affording not only first-order measurement perceived duration an interval but also second-order metacognitive judgement time. This approach, argue, expands form data generally collected in duration-judgements allows more detailed comparison psychophysical behavior underlying theory. We hierarchical Bayesian that performs quantitative analysis trial-by-trial calculating variability temporal estimates judgments allowing direct between actual ideal observer. fit for judgements 750 ms (bisecting 1500 ms) 3000 across three stimulus modalities (visual, audio, audiovisual). enhanced on given track its progression basis offers way looking at subject-based, task-based stimulus-based perception

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Medium Spiny Neurons Mediate Timing Perception in Coordination with Prefrontal Neurons in Primates DOI Creative Commons
Xinhe Liu, Zhiting Zhang, Lu Gan

et al.

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Abstract Timing perception is a fundamental cognitive function that allows organisms to navigate their environment effectively, encompassing both prospective and retrospective timing. Despite significant advancements in understanding how the brain processes temporal information, neural mechanisms underlying these two forms of timing remain largely unexplored. In this study, it aims bridge knowledge gap by elucidating functional roles various neuronal populations striatum prefrontal cortex (PFC) shaping subjective experiences time. Utilizing large‐scale electrode array, recorded responses from over 3000 neurons PFC macaque monkeys during tasks. The analysis classified into distinct groups revealed timings are governed separate processes. Specifically, study demonstrates medium spiny (MSNs) play crucial role facilitating Through cell‐type‐specific manipulation, identified D2‐MSNs as primary contributors Additionally, findings indicate effective processing requires coordination between striatum. summary, advances foundations highlights its behavioral implications.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Area-specific encoding of temporal information in the neocortex DOI Creative Commons

Anna Christina Garvert,

Malte Bieler,

Aree Witoelar

et al.

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 115363 - 115363

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Highlights•Time cells are found in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a region linked to episodic memory•RSC time encode elapsed and odor identity conjunctively•The fraction of RSC is similar that hippocampus•Time-encoding far less common neocortical regions adjacent RSCSummaryEpisodic memory requires remembering temporal sequence events, process attributed hippocampal "time cells." However, distributed nature brain areas supporting suggests representations may extend beyond hippocampus. To investigate this possibility, we trained mice remember an for specific duration. Using mesoscale two-photon imaging neuronal activity across neocortex, reveal striking area-specific representation. The target area, exhibits time-dependent sequential firing encodes both time, with decreasing accuracy over time. By contrast, coding prominent surrounding RSC, including posterior parietal visual, somatosensory, motor areas, highlighting functional specialization. Our results establish as key processing hub memory, conjunctive "what" "when" models.Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Neural signatures of temporal anticipation in human cortex represent event probability density DOI Creative Commons
Matthias Grabenhorst, David Poeppel, Georgios Michalareas

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 16, 2025

Abstract Temporal prediction is a fundamental function of neural systems. Recent results show that humans anticipate future events by calculating probability density functions, rather than hazard rates. However, direct evidence for this hypothesized mechanism lacking. We recorded activity using magnetoencephalography as participants anticipated auditory and visual distributed in time. temporal anticipation, measured reaction times, approximates the event function, but not rate. anticipation manifests spatiotemporally patterned three anatomically functionally distinct parieto-temporal sensorimotor cortical areas. Each these areas revealed marked signature anticipation: Prior to sensory cues, specific frequency range oscillations, spanning alpha beta ranges, encodes function. These signals predicted times imminent cues. demonstrate supra-modal representations across cortex underlie events.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Altering subjective time perception leads to correlated changes in neural activity and delay discounting DOI Creative Commons
Sangil Lee, Joseph W. Kable, Wi Hoon Jung

et al.

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121244 - 121244

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Perceived time expands and contracts within each heartbeat DOI Creative Commons
Irena Arslanova, Vassilis Kotsaris, Manos Tsakiris

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 1389 - 1395.e4

Published: March 10, 2023

Perception of passing time can be distorted.1 Emotional experiences, particularly arousal, contract or expand experienced duration via their interactions with attentional and sensory processing mechanisms.2,3 Current models suggest that perceived encoded from accumulation processes4,5 temporally evolving neural dynamics.6,7 Yet all dynamics information ensue at the backdrop continuous interoceptive signals originating within body. Indeed, phasic fluctuations cardiac cycle impact processing.8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15 Here, we show these momentary distort effect interacts subjectively arousal. In a temporal bisection task, durations (200-400 ms) an emotionally neutral visual shape auditory tone (experiment 1) image displaying happy fearful facial expressions 2) were categorized as short long.16 Across both experiments, stimulus presentation was time-locked to systole, when heart contracts baroreceptors fire brain, diastole, relaxes, are quiescent. When participants judged stimuli 1), systole led contraction, whereas diastole expansion. Such cardiac-led distortions further modulated by arousal ratings 2). At low contracted while expanded time, but increased, this distortion disappeared, shifting perception toward contraction. Thus, expands each heartbeat-a balance is disrupted under heightened

Language: Английский

Citations

10