Comparative perspectives on neuropeptide function and social isolation

Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Recalibrating Olfactory Neuroscience to the Range of Naturally Occurring Odor Concentrations

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(10), P. e1872242024 - e1872242024

Published: March 5, 2025

Sensory systems enable organisms to detect and respond environmental signals relevant for their survival reproduction. A crucial aspect of any sensory signal is its intensity; understanding how guide behavior requires probing system function across the range stimulus intensities naturally experienced by an organism. In olfaction, defining natural odorant concentrations difficult. Odors are complex mixtures airborne chemicals emitting from a source in irregular pattern that varies time space, necessitating specialized methods obtain accurate measurement concentration. Perhaps as result, experimentalists often choose based on empirical considerations rather than with respect ecological or behavioral context. Here, we attempt determine concentration ranges olfactory stimuli reviewing integrating data diverse disciplines. We compare used experimental studies rodents insects those reported different settings including ambient environments, headspace sources, within sources themselves. also these values psychophysical measurements detection threshold rodents, where thresholds have been extensively measured. Odorant regimes rarely exceed few parts per billion, while most investigating coding several orders magnitude. discuss implications this mismatch importance testing odorants neural mechanisms underlying sensation odor-guided behaviors.

Language: Английский

---

Olfactory receptor coexpression and co-option in the dengue mosquito

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 22, 2024

The olfactory sensory neurons of vinegar flies and mice tend to express a single ligand-specific receptor. While this ′one neuron-one receptor′ motif has long been expected apply broadly across insects, recent evidence suggests it may not extend mosquitoes. We sequenced analyzed the transcriptomes 46,000 from antennae dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti resolve all olfactory, thermosensory, hygrosensory neuron subtypes identify receptors expressed therein. find that half coexpress multiple receptors. However, coexpression occurs almost exclusively among genes same family—among odorant (ORs) or ionotropic (IRs). Coexpression ORs with IRs is exceedingly rare. Many coexpressed are duplicates. In other cases, recruitment co-option by placed these together in cells distant paralogs. Close examination data Drosophila reveal rare cases both phenomena, indicating systems two species fundamentally different, but instead fall at different locations along continuum likely encompass diverse insects.

Language: Английский

---

Dual‐Mode Bionic Visual–Olfactory Co‐Sensory for On‐Site Biogenic Amines Recognition and Food Freshness Prediction

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Abstract The thriving of high‐performance artificial synaptic neuromorphic platforms poses a significant challenge for creating bionic sensors that can integrate multi‐sensory information. For the purpose realizing this objective, promising visual‐olfactory co‐sensory devices are developed based on hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (Eu@HOF‐12). This probe is capable dual‐emissive‐responsive to biogenic amines (BAs), which essential indicators evaluation food freshness. Importantly, it demonstrates outstanding advantages, including high sensitivity, ultrafast responses (<6 s), and practicability recyclability, be combined with smartphones on‐site BAs detection via colorimetric ratiometric hydrogel sensor. Besides, human‐computer interaction platform constructed, realize identification five types precision through specific odor fingerprint. Meanwhile, logic device utilized rapid freshness considering sensor's dual‐mode BAs. Overall, research develops an visualization strategy enables on‐site, real‐time, sensitive monitoring quality assessment. In addition, quantitative assessment system designed fast, damage‐free, accurate freshness, ultimately reducing waste generating economic value.

Language: Английский

---

Autistic behavior is a common outcome of biallelic disruption of PDZD8 in humans and mice

Molecular Autism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Background Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and dysmorphic facies (IDDADF) is a rare syndromic intellectual disability (ID) caused by homozygous disruption of PDZD8 (PDZ domain-containing protein 8), an integral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein. All four previously identified IDDADF cases exhibit autistic behavior, spectrum (ASD) diagnosed in three cases. To determine whether behavior common outcome disruption, we studied third family biallelic mutation (family C) further characterized PDZD8-deficient ( Pdzd8 tm1b ) mice that stereotyped motor relevant to ASD. Methods Homozygosity mapping, whole-exome sequencing, cosegregation analysis were used identify the variant responsible for IDDADF, including diagnoses ASD, consanguineous C. assess vivo effect on social responses related phenotypes, behavioral, structural magnetic resonance imaging, microscopy analyses conducted mouse line. Metabolic activity was profiled using sealed metabolic cages. Results The discovery permitted identification core clinical phenotype consisting delay, ID, autism, facial dysmorphism. In addition impairments recognition odor discrimination, increases locomotor (dark phase only) rate (both lights-on dark phases), decreased plasma triglyceride males. brain, increased levels accessory olfactory bulb volume, primary cortex dendritic spine density, ER stress- mitochondrial fusion-related transcripts, as well cerebellar nuclei volume adult neurogenesis. Limitations total number known -related remains low. Some experiments study did not use balanced numbers males females. assessment stress fusion markers extend beyond mRNA levels. Conclusions Our finding model all six ASD five cases, identifies this trait humans mice. Other abnormalities exhibited suggest range comorbidities associated deficiency may be wider than presently recognized.

Language: Английский

---

Neuroinflammation causes mitral cell dysfunction and olfactory impairment in a multiple sclerosis model

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 8, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Genome-Wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Ionotropic Receptors Gene Family: Insights into Olfaction Ability Evolution and Antennal Expression Patterns in Oratosquilla oratoria

Animals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 852 - 852

Published: March 16, 2025

Olfaction plays a crucial role in crustaceans for essential activities such as foraging and predator evasion. Among the components involved olfactory perception, Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) are particularly important. Oratosquilla oratoria, perennial crustacean of substantial economic ecological value, serves an ideal model studying mechanisms. Identifying IR chemosensory genes O. oratoria enhances our understanding its recognition system. Based on whole-genome data we identified analyzed 50 members gene family (OratIRs) through bioinformatics approaches. These were classified into subfamilies co-receptor IRs tuning IRs. The physicochemical properties encoded proteins exhibit marked variability, indicating distinct roles. motif types conserved domains among these display certain similarities, but their structures differ markedly. Furthermore, found that OratIR25a, OratIR07629, OratIR14286 key nodes protein–protein interaction networks, coordinating organisms’ responses to signals like temperature acids. We utilized fluorescence situ hybridization (FISH) find OratIR75-1 OratIR8a demonstrated robust expression antennae oratoria. findings lay foundation further investigations elucidate functional roles receptor crustaceans.

Language: Английский

---

Plasticity in inhibitory networks improves pattern separation in early olfactory processing

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 9, 2025

Abstract Distinguishing between nectar and non-nectar odors is challenging for animals due to shared compounds varying ratios in complex mixtures. Changes production throughout the day over animal’s lifetime add complexity. The honeybee olfactory system, containing fewer than 1000 principal neurons early relay, antennal lobe (AL), must learn associate diverse volatile blends with rewards. Previous studies identified plasticity AL circuits, but its role odor learning remains poorly understood. Using a biophysical computational model, tuned by vivo electrophysiological data, live imaging of honeybee’s AL, we explored neural mechanisms AL. Our findings revealed that when trained set rewarded unrewarded odors, inhibitory network suppresses responses chemical while enhancing distinct compounds. This results improved pattern separation more concise code. calcium data support these predictions. Analysis graph convolutional performing an categorization task similar mechanism contrast enhancement. study provides insights into how reshapes coding efficient odors.

Language: Английский

---

Global coordination of brain activity by the breathing cycle

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Olfactory projection neuron rewiring in the brain of an ecological specialist

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 44(5), P. 115615 - 115615

Published: April 25, 2025

Language: Английский

---