Development and Functional Diversification of Cortical Interneurons

Neuron, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 100(2), P. 294 - 313

Published: Oct. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Development and Arealization of the Cerebral Cortex

Neuron, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 103(6), P. 980 - 1004

Published: Sept. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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New insights into the development of the human cerebral cortex

Journal of Anatomy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 235(3), P. 432 - 451

Published: Aug. 2, 2019

The cerebral cortex constitutes more than half the volume of human brain and is presumed to be responsible for neuronal computations underlying complex phenomena, such as perception, thought, language, attention, episodic memory voluntary movement. Rodent models are extremely valuable investigation development, but cannot provide insight into aspects that unique or highly derived in humans. Many psychiatric neurological conditions have developmental origins studied adequately animal models. has some genetic, molecular, cellular anatomical features, which need further explored. Anatomical Society devoted its summer meeting topic Human Brain Development June 2018 tackle these important issues. was organized by Gavin Clowry (Newcastle University) Zoltán Molnár (University Oxford), held at St John's College, Oxford. participants provided a broad overview structure context scaling relationships across brains mammals, conserved principles recent changes lineage. Speakers considered how progenitors diversified generate an increasing variety cortical neurons. formation earliest circuits generated neurons subplate discussed together with their involvement neurodevelopmental pathologies. Gene expression networks susceptibility genes associated diseases were compared can identified organoids developed from induced pluripotent stem cells recapitulate vivo development. New views on specification glutamatergic pyramidal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons. With advancement various imaging methods, histopathological observations now linked normal diseases. Our review gives general evaluation exciting new developments areas. much enlarged association greater interconnectivity areas each other expanded thalamus. relative enlargement upper layers, enhanced diversity function inhibitory interneurons transient layer during Here we highlight studies address differences emerge development focusing diverse facets our evolution.

Language: Английский

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Transient cortical circuits match spontaneous and sensory-driven activity during development

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 370(6514)

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

At the earliest developmental stages, spontaneous activity synchronizes local and large-scale cortical networks. These networks form functional template for establishment of global thalamocortical architecture. The connections are established autonomously. However, from sensory periphery reshapes these circuits as soon afferents reach cortex. early-generated, largely transient neurons subplate play a key role in integrating sensory-driven activity. Early pathological conditions-such hypoxia, inflammation, or exposure to pharmacological compounds-alter patterns, which subsequently induce disturbances network This dysfunction may lead miswiring and, at later can be associated with neurological psychiatric conditions.

Language: Английский

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Interneuron Types as Attractors and Controllers

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 43(1), P. 1 - 30

Published: July 12, 2019

Cortical interneurons display striking differences in shape, physiology, and other attributes, challenging us to appropriately classify them. We previously suggested that interneuron types should be defined by their role cortical processing. Here, we revisit the question of how codify diversity based upon division labor function as controllers information flow. suggest developmental trajectories provide a guide for appreciating argue subtype identity is generated using configurational (rather than combinatorial) code transcription factors produce attractor states underlying gene regulatory network. present our updated three-stage model specification: an initial cardinal step, allocating into few major classes, followed definitive refinement, creating subclasses settling within cortex, lastly, state determination, reflecting incorporation functional circuit ensembles. close discussing findings indicating classes are both evolutionarily ancient conserved. propose complexity circuits phylogenetically old types, complemented evolutionary increase principal neuron diversity. This suggests natural neurobiological definition might derived from match between origin computational function.

Language: Английский

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Layer 4 of mouse neocortex differs in cell types and circuit organization between sensory areas

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2019

Abstract Layer 4 (L4) of mammalian neocortex plays a crucial role in cortical information processing, yet complete census its cell types and connectivity remains elusive. Using whole-cell recordings with morphological recovery, we identified one major excitatory seven inhibitory neurons L4 adult mouse visual cortex (V1). Nearly all were pyramidal somatostatin-positive (SOM + ) non-fast-spiking interneurons Martinotti cells. In contrast, somatosensory (S1), mostly stellate SOM non-Martinotti. These morphologically distinct corresponded to different transcriptomic differentially integrated into the local circuit only S1 receiving input. We propose that type specific motifs, such as Martinotti/pyramidal non-Martinotti/stellate pairs, are used across building blocks assemble circuits.

Language: Английский

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Role of the Immune System in the Development of the Central Nervous System

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Sept. 3, 2019

The central nervous system and the immune are both intricate highly organized systems that regulate entire body, with sharing certain common features in developmental mechanisms operational modes. It is known innate immunity-related molecules, such as cytokines, toll-like receptors, complement family, acquired major histocompatibility complex antibody also expressed brain play important roles development. Moreover, although has previously been regarded an immune-privileged site, it to contain lymphatic vessels. Not only microglia but lymphocytes cognition a vital role formation of neuronal circuits. This review provides overview function cells molecules system, particular emphasis on their effect neural processes.

Language: Английский

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The role of GABAergic signalling in neurodevelopmental disorders

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 290 - 307

Published: March 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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Mouse and human share conserved transcriptional programs for interneuron development

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6573)

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Surveying brain interneuron development As transient structures in early development, the ganglionic eminences generate dozens of different types interneurons that go on to migrate throughout and weave together developing brain. Shi et al . analyzed human fetal eminences. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed unexpected diversity progenitor cells involved. The eminence depends more heavily intermediate as workhorses than does neocortex, with its greater reliance radial glial cells. —PJH

Language: Английский

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Cortical interneurons in autism

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 1648 - 1659

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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