Limits to post‐fire vegetation recovery under climate change DOI
Rachael H. Nolan, Luke Collins, Andrea Leigh

et al.

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(11), P. 3471 - 3489

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Abstract Record‐breaking fire seasons in many regions across the globe raise important questions about plant community responses to shifting regimes (i.e., changing frequency, severity and seasonality). Here, we examine impacts of climate‐driven shifts on vegetation communities, likely coinciding with severe drought, heatwaves and/or insect outbreaks. We present scenario‐based conceptual models how overlapping disturbance events interact differently limit post‐fire resprouting recruitment capacity. demonstrate that, although communities will remain resilient short‐term, longer‐term changes structure, demography species composition are likely, a range subsequent effects ecosystem function. Resprouting be most regimes. However, even these susceptible if exposed repeated short‐interval combination other stressors. Post‐fire is highly vulnerable increased particularly as climatic limitations propagule availability intensify. Prediction under climate change greatly improved by addressing knowledge gaps disturbances change‐induced regime affect resprouting, recruitment, growth rates, species‐level adaptation

Language: Английский

A first assessment of the impact of the extreme 2018 summer drought on Central European forests DOI Creative Commons
Bernhard Schuldt, Allan Buras, Matthias Arend

et al.

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 86 - 103

Published: April 29, 2020

In 2018, Central Europe experienced one of the most severe and long-lasting summer drought heat wave ever recorded. Before 2003 millennial was often invoked as example a "hotter drought", classified event in for last 500 years. First insights now confirm that 2018 climatically more extreme had greater impact on forest ecosystems Austria, Germany Switzerland than drought. Across this region, mean growing season air temperature from April to October 3.3°C above long-term average, 1.2°C warmer 2003. Here, we present first assessment heatwave European forests. response event, ecologically economically important tree species temperate forests showed signs stress. These symptoms included exceptionally low foliar water potentials crossing threshold xylem hydraulic failure many observations widespread leaf discoloration premature shedding. As result stress, caused unprecedented drought-induced mortality throughout region. Moreover, unexpectedly strong drought-legacy effects were detected 2019. This implies physiological recovery trees impaired after leaving them highly vulnerable secondary impacts such insect or fungal pathogen attacks. consequence, triggered by events is likely continue several Our indicates common are waves previously thought. occur frequently with progression climate change, might approach point substantial ecological economic transition. also highlights urgent need pan-European ground-based monitoring network suited track individual mortality, supported remote sensing products high spatial temporal resolution track, analyse forecast these transitions.

Language: Английский

Citations

811
Soil moisture dominates dryness stress on ecosystem production globally DOI Creative Commons
Laibao Liu, Lukas Gudmundsson, Mathias Hauser

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 29, 2020

Abstract Dryness stress can limit vegetation growth and is often characterized by low soil moisture (SM) high atmospheric water demand (vapor pressure deficit, VPD). However, the relative role of SM VPD in limiting ecosystem production remains debated difficult to disentangle, as are coupled through land-atmosphere interactions, hindering ability predict responses dryness. Here, we combine satellite observations solar-induced fluorescence with estimates show that dominant driver dryness on across more than 70% vegetated land areas valid data. Moreover, after accounting for SM-VPD coupling, effects much smaller large areas. We also find strongest semi-arid ecosystems. Our results clarify a longstanding question open new avenues improving models allow better management drought risk.

Language: Английский

Citations

647
Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought DOI
Timothy J. Brodribb, Jennifer S. Powers, Hervé Cochard

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6488), P. 261 - 266

Published: April 16, 2020

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to success of trees their woody bodies, connect elevated photosynthetic canopies with essential belowground activities water and nutrient acquisition. The slow construction these carbon-dense, skeletons leads a generation time, leaving forests highly susceptible rapid changes in climate. Other long-lived, sessile organisms such as corals appear be poorly equipped survive changes, raises questions about vulnerability contemporary future climate change. emerging view that, similar corals, tree species have rather inflexible damage thresholds, particularly terms stress, especially concerning. This Review examines recent progress our understanding how looks for growing hotter drier atmosphere.

Language: Английский

Citations

638
Climate-driven risks to the climate mitigation potential of forests DOI
William R. L. Anderegg, Anna T. Trugman, Grayson Badgley

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6497)

Published: June 18, 2020

Risks to mitigation potential of forests Much recent attention has focused on the trees and mitigate ongoing climate change by acting as sinks for carbon. Anderegg et al. review growing evidence that forests' is increasingly at risk from a range adversities limit forest growth health. These include physical factors such drought fire biotic factors, including depredations insect herbivores fungal pathogens. Full assessment quantification these risks, which themselves are influenced climate, key achieving science-based policy outcomes effective land management. Science , this issue p. eaaz7005

Language: Английский

Citations

579
A review of environmental droughts: Increased risk under global warming? DOI Creative Commons
Sergio M. Vicente‐Serrano, Steven M. Quiring, Marina Peña‐Gallardo

et al.

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 102953 - 102953

Published: Sept. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

512
Challenges for drought assessment in the Mediterranean region under future climate scenarios DOI Creative Commons
Yves Tramblay, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Luis Samaniego

et al.

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 103348 - 103348

Published: Sept. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

493
Quantifying impacts of the 2018 drought on European ecosystems in comparison to 2003 DOI Creative Commons
Allan Buras, Anja Rammig, Christian Zang

et al.

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 1655 - 1672

Published: March 27, 2020

In recent decades, an increasing persistence of atmospheric circulation patterns has been observed. the course associated long-lasting anticyclonic summer circulations, heatwaves and drought spells often coincide, leading to so-called hotter droughts. Previous droughts caused a decrease in agricultural yields increase tree mortality. Thus, they had remarkable effect on carbon budgets negative economic impacts. Consequently, quantification ecosystem responses better understanding underlying mechanisms are crucial. this context, European year 2018 may be considered key event. As first step towards its causes consequences, we here assess anomalies patterns, maximum temperature, climatic water balance as potential drivers which quantified by remote sensing using MODIS vegetation indices (VIs) normalized difference index (NDVI) enhanced (EVI). To place within climatological compare features remotely sensed response with extreme hot 2003. The was characterized dipole, featuring extremely dry weather conditions north Alps but comparably cool moist across large parts Mediterranean. Analysing five dominant land cover classes, found significant positive effects VI response. Negative impacts appeared affect area 1.5 times larger significantly stronger July compared August 2003, i.e. at respective peak drought. Moreover, higher sensitivity pastures arable forests both years. We explain coupling prevailing dipole: while generally water-limited ecosystems Mediterranean experienced above-average balance, less drought-adapted central northern Europe record conclusion, study quantifies yet unprecedented event, outlines hotspots drought-impacted areas should given particular attention follow-up studies, provides valuable insights into heterogeneous

Language: Английский

Citations

428
Excess forest mortality is consistently linked to drought across Europe DOI Creative Commons
Cornelius Senf, Allan Buras, Christian Zang

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 3, 2020

Abstract Pulses of tree mortality caused by drought have been reported recently in forests around the globe, but large-scale quantitative evidence is lacking for Europe. Analyzing high-resolution annual satellite-based canopy maps from 1987 to 2016 we here show that excess forest (i.e., exceeding long-term trend) significantly related across continental The relationship between water availability and showed threshold behavior, with increasing steeply when integrated climatic balance March July fell below −1.6 standard deviations its average. For −3.0 probability was 91.6% (83.8–97.5%). Overall, approximately 500,000 ha We provide an important driver at scale, suggest a future increase could trigger widespread

Language: Английский

Citations

393
Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO2 and vapour pressure deficit DOI
Nate G. McDowell, Gerard Sapes, Alexandria L. Pivovaroff

et al.

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(5), P. 294 - 308

Published: March 29, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

386
Low growth resilience to drought is related to future mortality risk in trees DOI Creative Commons
Lucía DeSoto, Maxime Cailleret, Frank J. Sterck

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2020

Abstract Severe droughts have the potential to reduce forest productivity and trigger tree mortality. Most trees face several drought events during their life therefore resilience dry conditions may be crucial long-term survival. We assessed how growth severe droughts, including its components resistance recovery, is related ability survive future by using a tree-ring database of surviving now-dead from 118 sites (22 species, >3,500 trees). found that, across variety regions species sampled, that died water shortages were less resilient previous non-lethal relative coexisting same species. In angiosperms, drought-related mortality risk associated with lower (low capacity impact initial drought), while it reduced recovery attain pre-drought rates) in gymnosperms. The different strategies these two taxonomic groups open new avenues improve our understanding prediction drought-induced

Language: Английский

Citations

344