Nuclear
speckles
(NS)
are
among
the
most
prominent
biomolecular
condensates.
Despite
their
prevalence,
research
on
function
of
NS
is
virtually
restricted
to
colocalization
analyses,
since
an
organizing
core,
without
which
cannot
form,
remains
unidentified.
The
monoclonal
antibody
SC35,
raised
against
a
spliceosomal
extract,
frequently
used
mark
NS.
Unexpectedly,
we
found
that
this
was
mischaracterized
and
main
target
SC35
mAb
SRRM2,
spliceosome-associated
protein
sharply
localizes
Here
show
that,
core
likely
formed
by
SON
depletion
leads
only
partial
disassembly
NS,
while
co-depletion
SRRM2
or
in
cell-line
where
intrinsically
disordered
regions
(IDRs)
genetically
deleted,
near-complete
dissolution
This
work,
therefore,
paves
way
study
role
under
diverse
physiological
stress
conditions.
Genes & Development,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
33(23-24), P. 1619 - 1634
Published: Oct. 8, 2019
The
idea
that
liquid–liquid
phase
separation
(LLPS)
may
be
a
general
mechanism
by
which
molecules
in
the
complex
cellular
milieu
self-organize
has
generated
much
excitement
and
fervor
cell
biology
community.
While
this
concept
is
not
new,
its
rise
to
preeminence
resulted
renewed
interest
mechanisms
shape
drive
diverse
self-assembly
processes
from
gene
expression
division
stress
responses.
In
vitro
biochemical
data
have
been
instrumental
deriving
some
of
fundamental
principles
molecular
grammar
biological
separate,
basis
these
interactions.
Definitive
evidence
lacking
as
whether
same
apply
physiological
environment
inside
living
cells.
Perspective,
we
analyze
supporting
vivo
across
multiple
processes.
We
find
for
LLPS
often
phenomenological
inadequate
discriminate
between
other
possible
mechanisms.
Moreover,
causal
relationship
functional
consequences
are
even
more
elusive.
underscore
importance
performing
quantitative
measurements
on
proteins
their
endogenous
state
abundance,
well
make
recommendations
experiments
yield
conclusive
results.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Aug. 1, 2021
Abstract
Emerging
evidence
suggests
that
liquid–liquid
phase
separation
(LLPS)
represents
a
vital
and
ubiquitous
phenomenon
underlying
the
formation
of
membraneless
organelles
in
eukaryotic
cells
(also
known
as
biomolecular
condensates
or
droplets).
Recent
studies
have
revealed
evidences
indicate
LLPS
plays
role
human
health
diseases.
In
this
review,
we
describe
our
current
understanding
summarize
its
physiological
functions.
We
further
development
Additionally,
review
recently
developed
methods
for
studying
LLPS.
Although
research
is
infancy—but
fast-growing—it
clear
an
essential
pathophysiological
conditions.
This
highlights
need
overview
recent
advances
field
to
translate
knowledge
regarding
into
therapeutic
discoveries.
Science,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
368(6497), P. 1386 - 1392
Published: June 18, 2020
Drug
partitioning
in
nuclear
condensates
There
is
increasing
interest
the
function
of
phase-separated
biomolecular
cells
because
their
distinct
properties
and
expanding
roles
important
biological
processes.
Klein
et
al.
considered
fate
small-molecule
therapeutics
context
(see
Perspective
by
Viny
Levine).
They
show
that
certain
antineoplastic
drugs
have
physicochemical
cause
them
to
concentrate
preferentially
condensates,
both
vitro
cancer
cells.
This
property
influences
drug
activity,
protein
mutations
alter
condensate
formation
can
lead
resistance.
Optimizing
may
be
valuable
developing
improved
therapeutics.
Science
,
this
issue
p.
1386
;
see
also
1314
