Internal senses of the vagus nerve

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(4), P. 579 - 599

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

Language: Английский

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The enteric nervous system

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. 1487 - 1564

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Of all the organ systems in body, gastrointestinal tract is most complicated terms of numbers structures involved, each with different functions, and types signaling molecules utilized. The digestion food absorption nutrients, electrolytes, water occurs a hostile luminal environment that contains large diverse microbiota. At core regulatory control digestive defensive functions enteric nervous system (ENS), complex neurons glia gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) intrinsic neural involved 2) how ENS interacts immune system, microbiota, epithelium to maintain mucosal defense barrier function. We highlight developments have revolutionized our understanding physiology pathophysiology control. These include new molecular architecture ENS, organization function motor circuits, roles glia. explore transduction stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, regulation intestinal glia, local role microbiota regulating structure ENS. Multifunctional work together glial macrophages, interstitial cells integrating an array signals initiate outputs are precisely regulated space time homeostasis.

Language: Английский

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Gut-brain communication by distinct sensory neurons differently controls feeding and glucose metabolism

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 1466 - 1482.e7

Published: May 26, 2021

Sensory neurons relay gut-derived signals to the brain, yet molecular and functional organization of distinct populations remains unclear. Here, we employed intersectional genetic manipulations probe feeding glucoregulatory function sensory neurons. We reconstruct gut innervation patterns numerous molecularly defined vagal spinal afferents identify their downstream brain targets. Bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations, coupled with behavioral circuit mapping analysis, demonstrated that gut-innervating, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R)-expressing anorexigenic parabrachial nucleus control meal termination. Moreover, GLP1R afferent activation improves glucose tolerance, inhibition elevates blood levels independent food intake. In contrast, GPR65-expressing stimulation increases hepatic production activates normoglycemia, but they are dispensable for regulation. Thus, gut-innervating differentially neurocircuits may provide specific targets metabolic control.

Language: Английский

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An inter-organ neural circuit for appetite suppression

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(14), P. 2478 - 2494.e28

Published: June 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(2), P. 689 - 813

Published: Sept. 6, 2021

During the past 30 yr, investigating physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by dramatic increase obesity and its comorbidities that coincided with an ever increasing sophistication genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results remarkable degree cell specificity, particularly at signaling level, played lead role advancing field. However, putting these findings into brain-wide context connects physiological signals neurons to behavior somatic requires thorough consideration neuronal connections: field also seen extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal present comprehensive balanced assessment how associated energy homeostasis interact many brain levels control behaviors. A major theme engage sets interacting neural networks throughout are defined specific connections. We begin discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones still engender vigorous debate, provide necessary frameworks for understanding controls meal initiation termination. include key word definitions, ATP availability as pivotal regulated variable homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic hedonic eating, structure. Within this context, we discuss network models regions endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, spinal cord work together gastrointestinal tract enable complex motor events permit animals eat diverse situations.

Language: Английский

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A brainstem map for visceral sensations

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 609(7926), P. 320 - 326

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

The nervous system uses various coding strategies to process sensory inputs. For example, the olfactory large receptor repertoires and is wired recognize diverse odours, whereas visual provides high acuity of object position, form movement1-5. Compared external systems, principles that underlie processing by interoceptive remain poorly defined. Here we developed a two-photon calcium imaging preparation understand internal organ representations in nucleus solitary tract (NTS), gateway brainstem receives vagal other inputs from body. Focusing on gut upper airway stimuli, observed individual NTS neurons are tuned detect signals particular organs topographically organized basis body position. Moreover, some mechanosensory chemosensory same converge centrally. Sensory engage specific domains with defined locations, each containing heterogeneous cell types. Spatial different further sharpened beyond what achieved axon sorting alone, as blockade inhibition broadens neural tuning disorganizes visceral representations. These findings reveal basic organizational features used brain

Language: Английский

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Molecular and anatomical characterization of parabrachial neurons and their axonal projections

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is a major hub that receives sensory information from both internal and external environments. Specific populations of PBN neurons are involved in behaviors including food water intake, nociceptive responses, breathing regulation, as well learning responding appropriately to threatening stimuli. However, it unclear how many neuron exist different may be encoded by unique signaling molecules or receptors. Here we provide repository data on the molecular identity, spatial location, projection patterns dozens subclusters. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, identified 21 subclusters neighboring regions. Multiplexed situ hybridization showed these enriched within specific subregions with scattered cells several other We also detailed visualization axonal projections Cre-driver lines mice. These results all publicly available for download foundation further interrogation functions connections.

Language: Английский

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Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(6665)

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted the variance of food intake and even prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, brain integrates multiple homeostatic signals with numerous cues that predict future deviations energy supply. Recently, our understanding neural pathways underlying these regulatory principles-as well as their convergence hypothalamus key coordinator intake, expenditure, glucose metabolism-have been revealed. These advances have changed view brain-dependent control metabolic physiology. In this Review, we discuss new concepts about how alterations contribute development prevalent diseases such obesity type 2 diabetes mellitus emerging knowledge may provide targets treatment.

Language: Английский

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The gut-to-brain axis for toxin-induced defensive responses

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(23), P. 4298 - 4316.e21

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Gut feelings: mechanosensing in the gastrointestinal tract

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 283 - 296

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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