Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: March 2, 2022
Infection
with
SARS-CoV-2,
the
causative
agent
of
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
pandemic,
causes
respiratory
problems
and
multifaceted
organ
dysfunction.
A
crucial
mechanism
COVID-19
immunopathy
is
recruitment
activation
neutrophils
at
infection
site,
which
also
predicts
severity
poor
outcomes.
The
release
neutrophil
extracellular
traps
(NETs),
occurring
during
a
regulated
form
cell
death
known
as
NETosis,
key
effector
function
that
mediates
harmful
effects
caused
by
neutrophils.
Abundant
NETosis
NET
generation
have
been
observed
in
many
patients,
leading
to
unfavorable
coagulopathy
immunothrombosis.
Moreover,
excessive
are
now
more
widely
recognized
mediators
additional
pathophysiological
abnormalities
following
SARS-CoV-2
infection.
In
this
minireview,
we
introduce
subtypes
NET-producing
(e.g.,
low-density
granulocytes)
explain
biological
importance
NETs
protein
cargos
COVID-19.
addition,
discuss
mechanisms
upregulating
viral
processes
entry
replication)
well
host
pro-NET
proinflammatory
mediator
release,
platelet
activation,
autoantibody
production).
Furthermore,
provide
an
update
main
findings
immunothrombosis
other
COVID-19-related
disorders,
such
aberrant
immunity,
neurological
post
syndromes
including
lung
fibrosis,
disorder,
tumor
progression,
deteriorated
chronic
illness.
Finally,
address
potential
prospective
treatment
strategies
target
dysregulated
formation
via
inhibition
promotion
degradation,
respectively.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Nov. 22, 2021
Abstract
Circulating
tumor
cells
(CTCs)
are
that
have
sloughed
off
the
primary
and
extravasate
into
circulate
in
blood.
Understanding
of
metastatic
cascade
CTCs
has
tremendous
potential
for
identification
targets
against
cancer
metastasis.
Detecting
these
very
rare
among
massive
blood
is
challenging.
However,
emerging
technologies
detection
profoundly
contributed
to
deepening
investigation
biology
facilitated
their
clinical
application.
Current
summarized
herein,
together
with
advantages
disadvantages.
The
usually
dependent
on
molecular
markers,
epithelial
cell
adhesion
molecule
being
most
widely
used,
although
markers
vary
between
different
types
cancer.
Properties
associated
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition
stemness
been
identified
CTCs,
indicating
increased
capacity.
Only
a
small
proportion
can
survive
eventually
initiate
metastases,
suggesting
an
interaction
modulation
hostile
microenvironment
essential
CTC
Single-cell
sequencing
extensively
investigated,
enabled
researchers
reveal
genome
transcriptome
CTCs.
Herein,
we
also
review
applications
especially
monitoring
response
treatment
evaluating
prognosis.
Hence,
will
continue
contribute
providing
significant
insights
processes
open
new
avenues
useful
applications.
Cancer Cell,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
39(3), P. 423 - 437.e7
Published: Jan. 15, 2021
Lung
metastasis
is
the
major
cause
of
breast
cancer-related
mortality.
The
neutrophil-associated
inflammatory
microenvironment
aids
tumor
cells
in
metastatic
colonization
lungs.
Here,
we
show
that
tumor-secreted
protease
cathepsin
C
(CTSC)
promotes
breast-to-lung
by
regulating
recruitment
neutrophils
and
formation
neutrophil
extracellular
traps
(NETs).
CTSC
enzymatically
activates
membrane-bound
proteinase
3
(PR3)
to
facilitate
interleukin-1β
(IL-1β)
processing
nuclear
factor
κB
activation,
thus
upregulating
IL-6
CCL3
for
recruitment.
In
addition,
CTSC-PR3-IL-1β
axis
induces
reactive
oxygen
species
production
NETs,
which
degrade
thrombospondin-1
support
growth
cancer
expression
secretion
are
associated
with
NET
lung
human
tumors.
Importantly,
targeting
compound
AZD7986
effectively
suppresses
a
mouse
model.
Overall,
our
findings
reveal
mechanism
how
regulate
niches
CTSC-targeting
approaches
treatment.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Oct. 21, 2021
Abstract
In
recent
years,
neutrophils
have
attracted
increasing
attention
because
of
their
cancer-promoting
effects.
An
elevated
neutrophil-to-lymphocyte
ratio
is
considered
a
prognostic
indicator
for
patients
with
cancer.
Neutrophils
are
no
longer
regarded
as
innate
immune
cells
single
function,
let
alone
bystanders
in
the
pathological
process
Their
diversity
and
plasticity
being
increasingly
recognized.
This
review
summarizes
previous
studies
assessing
roles
mechanisms
cancer
initiation,
progression,
metastasis
relapse.
Although
findings
controversial,
fact
that
play
dual
role
promoting
suppressing
undeniable.
The
allows
them
to
adapt
different
microenvironments
exert
effects
on
Given
from
our
own
research,
we
propose
reasonable
hypothesis
may
be
reprogrammed
into
state
microenvironment.
new
perspective
indicates
neutrophil
reprogramming
course
treatment
problem
worthy
attention.
Preventing
or
reversing
potential
strategy
adjuvant
therapy.
