SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern DOI Creative Commons
Jun Yong Choi, Davey M. Smith

Yonsei Medical Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(11), P. 961 - 961

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Since the COVID-19 pandemic first began in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has continuously evolved with many variants emerging across world. These are categorized as variant of interest (VOI), concern (VOC), and under monitoring (VUM). As September 15, 2021, there four SARS-CoV-2 lineages designated VOC (alpha, beta, gamma, delta variants). VOCs have increased transmissibility compared to original virus, potential for increasing disease severity. In addition, exhibit decreased susceptibility vaccine-induced infection-induced immune responses, thus possess ability reinfect previously infected recovered individuals. Given their evade less susceptible monoclonal antibody treatments. can also impact effectiveness mRNA adenovirus vector vaccines, although currently authorized vaccines still effective preventing infection disease. Current measures reduce transmission well efforts monitor understand should be continued. Here, we review molecular features, epidemiology, on transmissibility, severity, vaccine VOCs.

Language: Английский

Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells DOI Creative Commons
Cody B. Jackson, Michael Farzan, Bing Chen

et al.

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 3 - 20

Published: Oct. 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

2532
Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization DOI Open Access
Delphine Planas, Nell Saunders, Piet Maes

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 602(7898), P. 671 - 675

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

1460
mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine boosters induce neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant DOI Open Access
Wilfredo F. García-Beltrán, Kerri St. Denis,

Angelique Hœlzemer

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(3), P. 457 - 466.e4

Published: Jan. 6, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

1032
The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
Kaiming Tao, Philip L. Tzou, Janin Nouhin

et al.

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 757 - 773

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

993
Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa DOI
Juliet R. C. Pulliam, Cari van Schalkwyk, Nevashan Govender

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6593)

Published: March 15, 2022

We provide two methods for monitoring reinfection trends in routine surveillance data to identify signatures of changes risk and apply these approaches from South Africa's severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic date. Although we found no evidence increased associated with circulation the Beta (B.1.351) or Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, did find clear, population-level suggest immune evasion by Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant previously infected individuals Africa. Reinfections occurring between 1 November 2021 31 January 2022 were detected all three previous waves, there has been an increase having a third infection since mid-November 2021.

Language: Английский

Citations

847
Antibody evasion by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 DOI Creative Commons
Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Sho Iketani

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 608(7923), P. 603 - 608

Published: July 5, 2022

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have surged notably to become dominant in the United States South Africa, respectively 1,2 . These new carrying further mutations their spike proteins raise concerns that they may evade neutralizing antibodies, thereby compromising efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines therapeutic monoclonals. We now report findings from a systematic antigenic analysis these surging subvariants. is only modestly (1.8-fold) more resistant sera vaccinated boosted individuals than BA.2. However, substantially (4.2-fold) thus likely lead vaccine breakthrough infections. Mutation at residue L452 found both facilitates escape some antibodies directed so-called class 2 3 regions receptor-binding domain The F486V mutation certain 1 but compromises affinity for viral receptor. R493Q reversion mutation, however, restores receptor consequently fitness BA.4/5. Among authorized clinical use, bebtelovimab retains full potency against lineage continues evolve, successively yielding are not transmissible also evasive antibodies.

Language: Английский

Citations

720
Enhanced fusogenicity and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Delta P681R mutation DOI Creative Commons
Akatsuki Saito, Takashi Irie, Rigel Suzuki

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 602(7896), P. 300 - 306

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

Abstract During the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a variety of mutations have accumulated in viral genome severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and, at time writing, four variants concern are considered to be potentially hazardous human society 1 . The recently emerged B.1.617.2/Delta variant is closely associated with COVID-19 surge that occurred India spring 2021 (ref. ). However, virological properties remain unclear. Here we show highly fusogenic and notably more pathogenic than prototypic SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters. P681R mutation spike protein, which conserved this lineage, facilitates cleavage protein enhances fusogenicity. Moreover, demonstrate P681R-bearing virus exhibits higher pathogenicity compared its parental virus. Our data suggest hallmark phenotype enhanced pathogenicity.

Language: Английский

Citations

557
Viral infection and transmission in a large, well-traced outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant DOI Creative Commons
Baisheng Li, Aiping Deng,

Kuibiao Li

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has spread rapidly worldwide. To provide data on its virological profile, we here report the first local transmission of in mainland China. All 167 infections could be traced back to index case. Daily sequential PCR testing quarantined individuals indicated that viral loads infections, when they become PCR-positive, were average ~1000 times greater compared lineage A/B during epidemic wave China early 2020, suggesting potentially faster replication and infectiousness infection. estimated bottleneck size was generally narrow, with 1-3 virions 29 donor-recipient pairs. However, minor iSNVs resulted at least 3 34 substitutions identified outbreak, highlighting contribution intra-host variants population-level diversity rapid spread.

Language: Английский

Citations

448
Circular RNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants DOI Creative Commons
Liang Qu, Zongyi Yi, Yong Shen

et al.

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(10), P. 1728 - 1744.e16

Published: April 1, 2022

As the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to drive worldwide pandemic, there is a constant demand for vaccines that offer more effective and broad-spectrum protection. Here, we report circular RNA (circRNA) vaccine elicited potent neutralizing antibodies T cell responses by expressing trimeric RBD spike protein, providing robust protection against in both mice rhesus macaques. Notably, circRNA enabled higher durable antigen production than 1mΨ-modified mRNA proportion distinct Th1-skewed immune responses. Importantly, found circRNARBD-Omicron induced Omicron but not Delta variant. In contrast, circRNARBD-Delta protected or functioned as booster after two doses either native- Delta-specific vaccination, making it favorable choice current concern (VOCs) SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

Citations

410
mRNA booster immunization elicits potent neutralizing serum activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant DOI Creative Commons

Henning Gruell,

Kanika Vanshylla, Pinkus Tober‐Lau

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 477 - 480

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 is causing a rapid increase in infections across the globe. This new concern carries an unusually high number mutations key epitopes neutralizing antibodies on viral spike glycoprotein, suggesting potential immune evasion. Here we assessed serum capacity longitudinal cohorts vaccinated and convalescent individuals, as well monoclonal antibody activity against using pseudovirus neutralization assays. We report near-complete lack polyclonal sera from individuals with two doses BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine resistance to different clinical use. However, mRNA booster immunizations resulted significant Omicron. study demonstrates that can critically improve humoral response variant.

Language: Английский

Citations

405