SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

---

Evolution of the SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variants BA.1 to BA.5: Implications for immune escape and transmission

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5)

Published: July 20, 2022

Abstract The first dominant SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.1 harbours 35 mutations in its Spike protein from the original that emerged late 2019. Soon after discovery, rapidly to become worldwide and has since evolved into several variants. is of major public health concern owing high infectivity antibody evasion. This review article examines theories have been proposed on evolution including zoonotic spillage, infection immunocompromised individuals cryptic spread community without being diagnosed. Added complexity Omicron's are multiple reports recombination events occurring between co‐circulating variants with Delta other such as XE. Current literature suggests combination novel resulted having higher than Wuhan‐Hu‐1 variant. However, severity believed be less reduced syncytia formation lower multiplication human lung tissue. Perhaps most challenging studies indicate efficacy available vaccines against (8–127 times reduction) compared administration booster vaccine, however, compensates reduction improves by 12–35 fold. Concerningly though, broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies, those approved FDA for therapeutic use previous variants, mostly ineffective exception Sotrovimab recent suggest BA.2 also resistant Sotrovimab. Currently two new BA.4 BA.5 emerging reported more transmissible immunity generated antibodies. As will likely continue emerge it important evolution, biological consequences mutations, existing well understood.

Language: Английский

---

Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron–reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(69)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune escape. Here, we studied neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 D614G [wild type (WT)] the Beta, Delta, variants of concern a cohort 60 health care workers after immunization with ChAdOx-1 S, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2. High binding antibody levels against WT spike (S) were detected 28 days vaccination both mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 BNT162b2), which substantially decreased 6 months. In contrast, lower Ad26.COV2.S but did not wane. Neutralization assays showed consistent cross-neutralization Beta Delta variants, neutralization was significantly absent. BNT162b2 booster either two mRNA-1273 immunizations Ad26.COV2 priming partially restored variant, still up to 17-fold compared WT. SARS-CoV-2-specific cells months all regimens, more detection specific CD4

Language: Английский

---

Neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants following heterologous CoronaVac plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 481 - 485

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is raising concerns because its increased transmissibility and numerous spike mutations, which have potential to evade neutralizing antibodies elicited by COVID-19 vaccines. Here we evaluated effects a heterologous BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine booster on humoral immunity participants who had received two-dose regimen CoronaVac, an inactivated used globally. We found that CoronaVac prime vaccination two doses followed induces elevated virus-specific antibody levels potent neutralization activity against ancestral virus Delta variant, resembling titers obtained after Although was undetectable in resulted 1.4-fold increase compared with vaccine. Despite this increase, were reduced 7.1-fold 3.6-fold for strain respectively. These findings immediate implications multiple countries previously reinforce idea associated immune escape from vaccines or infection-induced immunity, highlighting global need boosters combat impact emerging variants.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 vaccine development: milestones, lessons and prospects

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: May 3, 2022

Abstract With the constantly mutating of SARS-CoV-2 and emergence Variants Concern (VOC), implementation vaccination is critically important. Existing vaccines mainly include inactivated, live attenuated, viral vector, protein subunit, RNA, DNA, virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines. Viral vector vaccines, subunit mRNA may induce additional cellular or humoral immune regulations, including Th cell responses germinal center responses, form relevant memory cells, greatly improving their efficiency. However, some be associated with complications like thrombocytopenia myocarditis, raising concerns about safety these COVID-19 Here, we systemically assess efficacy possible different effects on pregnant women, elderly, people diseases acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplant recipients, cancer patients. Based current analysis, governments agencies are recommended to continue advance vaccine immunization process. Simultaneously, special attention should paid health status timely treatment complications, development, ensuring lives In addition, available measures such as mix-and-match vaccination, developing new nanoparticle optimizing adjuvant improve could considered.

Language: Английский

---

Current evidence on efficacy of COVID‐19 booster dose vaccination against the Omicron variant: A systematic review

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 94(7), P. 2969 - 2976

Published: March 5, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic, which affected around 45 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including more than 6 deaths. However, on November 24, 2021, the World Health Organization announced a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variant designated as B.1.1.529, concern (VOC), and has been named "Omicron." Available preliminary evidence suggests that, compared with previous VOCs, it increased risk infectivity. Studies have shown that protection from various vaccines effectiveness against hospitalization death COVID-19 decreasing slowly after two-dose schedule vaccines. In response to experiencing resurgence cases, importance vaccine booster dose durability effect third Omicron controversial yet. To address this, we conducted systematic literature survey or variant. We performed search in PubMed (Medline), Google Scholar, MedRXiv database, inception January 2022 using MeSH terms keywords "Corona Virus Disease-2019 OR AND Booster Vaccine." identified total 27 published studies. reviewed all eligible available studies shots This review may be helpful accelerating vaccination.

Language: Английский

---

Increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA boost

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 607(7917), P. 128 - 134

Published: April 21, 2022

The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infected many vaccinated and convalescent individuals

Language: Английский

---

Characterization and antiviral susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 607(7917), P. 119 - 127

Published: May 16, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Three exposures to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by either infection or vaccination elicit superior neutralizing immunity to all variants of concern

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 496 - 503

Published: Jan. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Enhanced neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(1), P. 9 - 17.e3

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

---