Neuroinflammation: An astrocyte perspective

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(721)

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Astrocytes are abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play active roles health and disease. Recent technologies have uncovered functional heterogeneity of astrocytes their extensive interactions with other cell types CNS. In this Review, we highlight intricate between astrocytes, CNS-resident cells, CNS-infiltrating as well potential therapeutic value context inflammation neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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The role of astrocyte structural plasticity in regulating neural circuit function and behavior

Glia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(8), P. 1467 - 1483

Published: May 10, 2022

Abstract Brain circuits undergo substantial structural changes during development, driven by the formation, stabilization, and elimination of synapses. Synaptic connections continue to experience‐dependent rearrangements throughout life, which are postulated underlie learning memory. Astrocytes, a major glial cell type in brain, physically contact with synaptic through their ensheathment Astrocytes strongly contribute remodeling structures healthy diseased central nervous systems regulating connectivity behaviors. However, whether plasticity astrocytes is involved critical functions at synapse unknown. This review will discuss emerging evidence linking astrocytic circuit regulation Moreover, we survey possible molecular cellular mechanisms non‐cell‐autonomous effects on neuronal plasticity. Finally, how astrocyte morphological different physiological states disease conditions function dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 430 - 445

Published: June 24, 2023

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism has emerged as a central component many neurodegenerative diseases. Variants the transport protein, apolipoprotein E (APOE), modulate risk and resilience in several diseases including late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Allelic variants gene, APOE, alter cells tissues have been broadly associated with other cellular systemic phenotypes. Targeting APOE-associated metabolic pathways may offer opportunities to disease-related phenotypes consequently, attenuate impart multiple We review molecular, cellular, tissue-level alterations that arise from different APOE isoforms. These changes could help elucidate mechanisms tune resilience.

Language: Английский

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Milestone Review: Metabolic dynamics of glutamate and GABA mediated neurotransmission — The essential roles of astrocytes

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 166(2), P. 109 - 137

Published: March 15, 2023

Abstract Since it was first generally accepted that the two amino acids glutamate and GABA act as principal neurotransmitters, several landmark discoveries relating to this function have been uncovered. Synaptic homeostasis of these transmitters involves cell types working in close collaboration is facilitated by specialized cellular processes. Notably, are extensively recycled between neurons astrocytes a process known glutamate/GABA‐glutamine cycle, which essential maintain synaptic transmission. The cycle intimately coupled energy metabolism relies on metabolic both astrocytes. Importantly, display unique features allowing extensive metabolite release, hereby providing support for neurons. Furthermore, undergo complex adaptations response injury pathology, may greatly affect transmission during disease. In Milestone Review we outline major relation balancing signaling, including uptake, metabolism, recycling. We provide special focus how astrocyte contribute sustain neuronal through transfer. Recent advances reviewed context brain toxicity neurodegeneration. Finally, consider pathological serve potential target intervention. Integrating multitude fine‐tuned processes supporting neurotransmitter recycling, will aid next generation homeostasis. image

Language: Английский

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Molecular and metabolic heterogeneity of astrocytes and microglia

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(4), P. 555 - 570

Published: March 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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