SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-neutralizing memory B cells are elicited by two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(70)

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants have mutations in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD) with potential to evade neutralizing antibody. In particular, Beta and Omicron escape from antibody activity those who received two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Nonetheless, boosting a third vaccine dose or by breakthrough infection improves overall breadth antibodies, but mechanism remains unclear. Here, we longitudinally profiled cellular composition RBD-binding memory B cell subsets their against after second Two elicited plasma antibodies limited induced an expanded overtime, up 4.9 months vaccination. contrast, more than one-third IgG+ cells resting phenotype initially bound steadily increased overtime. As result, fraction subset secreted Omicron-neutralizing when stimulated vitro. The helps us understand prominent recall additional booster fully vaccinated individuals.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 3CL ^pro mutations selected in a VSV-based system confer resistance to nirmatrelvir, ensitrelvir, and GC376

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(678)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Protease inhibitors are among the most powerful antiviral drugs. Nirmatrelvir is first protease inhibitor specifically developed against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro that has been licensed for clinical use. To identify mutations confer resistance to this inhibitor, we engineered a chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressed polyprotein composed of VSV glycoprotein (G), 3CLpro, and polymerase (L). Viral replication was thus dependent on autocatalytic processing precursor protein by release functional viral proteins G L, effectively inhibited nirmatrelvir. Using system, applied nirmatrelvir select mutations. Resistance confirmed retesting selected in additional VSV-based systems, an independently cellular biochemical assay, recombinant system. We demonstrate some mutants cross-resistant ensitrelvir GC376, whereas others less resistant these compounds. Furthermore, found already existed sequences have deposited NCBI GISAID databases, indicating were present circulating strains.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma and Clinical Trials: Understanding Conflicting Outcomes

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(3)

Published: March 9, 2022

Convalescent plasma (CP) recurs as a frontline treatment in epidemics because it is available soon there are survivors. The COVID-19 pandemic represented the first large-scale opportunity to shed light on mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy CP using modern evidence-based medicine approaches. Studies ranging from observational case series randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported highly variable results for (CCP), resulting uncertainty. We analyzed variables associated with efficacy, such clinical settings, disease severity, CCP SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) antibody levels function, dose, timing administration (variously defined time onset symptoms, molecular diagnosis, diagnosis pneumonia, or hospitalization, by serostatus), outcomes (defined requirement ventilation, improvement, mortality), provenance collection, criteria efficacy. conflicting trial results, along both recent WHO guidelines discouraging usage expansion FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) include outpatient CCP, create confusion clinicians patients about appropriate CCP. A review 30 RCTs demonstrated that signals (including reductions mortality) were more likely if neutralizing titer was >160 randomization less than 9 days. emergence Omicron variant also reminds us benefits polyclonal therapies, especially bridge development availability specific therapies.

Language: Английский

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Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on the Omicron Variant from 2020 to 2022 in the Scopus Database Using R and VOSviewer

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(19), P. 12407 - 12407

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Human respiratory infections caused by coronaviruses can range from mild to deadly. Although there are numerous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), few have been published its Omicron variant. In order remedy this deficiency, study undertook a bibliometric analysis of the publishing patterns variant and identified hotspots. Automated transportation, environmental protection, improved healthcare, innovation in banking, smart homes just areas where machine learning has found use tackling complicated problems. The sophisticated Scopus database was queried for papers with term "Omicron" title between January 2020 June 2022. Microsoft Excel 365, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, Biblioshiny R were used statistical publications. Over period, 1917 relevant publications database. Viruses most popular research, 150 published, while Cell cited source. determined productive nations, USA leading list highest number (344) level international collaboration This highlights scientific advances scholarly trends serves as model demonstrating global research. It aid policymakers medical researchers fully grasp current status research also provides normative data visualization, study, application.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the Omicron era

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 1952 - 1959

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Language: Английский

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