Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 23, 2023
The
immune
system
plays
a
significant
role
in
multiple
sclerosis.
While
MS
was
historically
thought
to
be
T
cell-mediated,
pieces
of
evidence
now
support
the
view
that
B
cells
are
essential
players
sclerosis
pathogenic
processes.
High-efficacy
disease-modifying
therapies
target
have
emerged
over
past
two
decades.
Anti-CD20
monoclonal
antibodies
selectively
deplete
CD20+
and
efficiently
suppress
inflammatory
disease
activity.
These
monotherapies
prevent
relapses,
reduce
new
or
active
magnetic
resonance
imaging
brain
lesions,
lessen
disability
progression
patients
with
relapsing
Rituximab,
ocrelizumab,
ofatumumab
currently
used
clinical
practice,
while
phase
III
trials
for
ublituximab
been
recently
completed.
In
this
review,
we
compare
four
anti-CD20
terms
their
mechanisms
action,
routes
administration,
immunological
targets,
pharmacokinetic
properties.
A
deeper
understanding
individual
properties
these
molecules
relation
efficacy
safety
profiles
is
critical
use
practice.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: June 19, 2023
T
cells
are
crucial
for
immune
functions
to
maintain
health
and
prevent
disease.
cell
development
occurs
in
a
stepwise
process
the
thymus
mainly
generates
CD4
Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
22(6), P. 496 - 520
Published: April 28, 2023
Single-cell
technologies,
particularly
single-cell
RNA
sequencing
(scRNA-seq)
methods,
together
with
associated
computational
tools
and
the
growing
availability
of
public
data
resources,
are
transforming
drug
discovery
development.
New
opportunities
emerging
in
target
identification
owing
to
improved
disease
understanding
through
cell
subtyping,
highly
multiplexed
functional
genomics
screens
incorporating
scRNA-seq
enhancing
credentialling
prioritization.
ScRNA-seq
is
also
aiding
selection
relevant
preclinical
models
providing
new
insights
into
mechanisms
action.
In
clinical
development,
can
inform
decision-making
via
biomarker
for
patient
stratification
more
precise
monitoring
response
progression.
Here,
we
illustrate
how
methods
being
applied
key
steps
discuss
ongoing
challenges
their
implementation
pharmaceutical
industry.
There
have
been
significant
recent
advances
development
remarkable
Ferran
colleagues
primarily
pipeline,
from
decision-making.
Ongoing
potential
future
directions
discussed.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 10, 2022
SARS-CoV-2
infection
can
result
in
the
development
of
a
constellation
persistent
sequelae
following
acute
disease
called
post-acute
COVID-19
(PASC)
or
Long
COVID
1-3
.
Individuals
diagnosed
with
frequently
report
unremitting
fatigue,
post-exertional
malaise,
and
variety
cognitive
autonomic
dysfunctions
;
however,
basic
biological
mechanisms
responsible
for
these
debilitating
symptoms
are
unclear.
Here,
215
individuals
were
included
an
exploratory,
cross-sectional
study
to
perform
multi-dimensional
immune
phenotyping
conjunction
machine
learning
methods
identify
key
immunological
features
distinguishing
COVID.
Marked
differences
noted
specific
circulating
myeloid
lymphocyte
populations
relative
matched
control
groups,
as
well
evidence
elevated
humoral
responses
directed
against
among
participants
Further,
unexpected
increases
observed
antibody
non-SARS-CoV-2
viral
pathogens,
particularly
Epstein-Barr
virus.
Analysis
mediators
various
hormones
also
revealed
pronounced
differences,
levels
cortisol
being
uniformly
lower
groups.
Integration
data
into
unbiased
models
identified
significant
critical
accurate
classification
COVID,
decreased
most
individual
predictor.
These
findings
will
help
guide
additional
studies
pathobiology
may
aid
future
objective
biomarkers
