Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 23, 2023
The
immune
system
plays
a
significant
role
in
multiple
sclerosis.
While
MS
was
historically
thought
to
be
T
cell-mediated,
pieces
of
evidence
now
support
the
view
that
B
cells
are
essential
players
sclerosis
pathogenic
processes.
High-efficacy
disease-modifying
therapies
target
have
emerged
over
past
two
decades.
Anti-CD20
monoclonal
antibodies
selectively
deplete
CD20+
and
efficiently
suppress
inflammatory
disease
activity.
These
monotherapies
prevent
relapses,
reduce
new
or
active
magnetic
resonance
imaging
brain
lesions,
lessen
disability
progression
patients
with
relapsing
Rituximab,
ocrelizumab,
ofatumumab
currently
used
clinical
practice,
while
phase
III
trials
for
ublituximab
been
recently
completed.
In
this
review,
we
compare
four
anti-CD20
terms
their
mechanisms
action,
routes
administration,
immunological
targets,
pharmacokinetic
properties.
A
deeper
understanding
individual
properties
these
molecules
relation
efficacy
safety
profiles
is
critical
use
practice.
Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
133(3)
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
BACKGROUND.
The
presence
and
reactivation
of
chronic
viral
infections,
such
as
EBV,
CMV,
HIV,
have
been
proposed
potential
contributors
to
long
COVID
(LC),
but
studies
in
well-characterized
postacute
cohorts
individuals
with
COVID-19
over
a
longer
time
course
consistent
current
case
definitions
LC
are
limited.
Genes and Immunity,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
24(1), P. 1 - 11
Published: Dec. 30, 2022
Abstract
The
molecular
processes
underlying
human
health
and
disease
are
highly
complex.
Often,
genetic
environmental
factors
contribute
to
a
given
or
phenotype
in
non-additive
manner,
yielding
gene–environment
(G
×
E)
interaction.
In
this
work,
we
broadly
review
current
knowledge
on
the
impact
of
interactions
health.
We
first
explain
independent
variation
environment.
next
detail
well-established
G
E
that
involving
toxicants,
pollution,
viruses,
sex
chromosome
composition.
conclude
with
possibilities
challenges
for
studying
interactions.
Nature,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
611(7934), P. 139 - 147
Published: Aug. 31, 2022
Abstract
Severe
SARS-CoV-2
infection
1
has
been
associated
with
highly
inflammatory
immune
activation
since
the
earliest
days
of
COVID-19
pandemic
2–5
.
More
recently,
these
responses
have
emergence
self-reactive
antibodies
pathologic
potential
6–10
,
although
their
origins
and
resolution
remained
unclear
11
Previously,
we
others
identified
extrafollicular
B
cell
activation,
a
pathway
formation
new
autoreactive
in
chronic
autoimmunity
12,13
as
dominant
feature
severe
critical
(refs.
14–18
).
Here,
using
single-cell
repertoire
analysis
patients
mild
disease,
identify
expansion
naive-derived,
low-mutation
IgG1
population
antibody-secreting
cells
(ASCs)
reflecting
features
low
selective
pressure.
These
correlate
progressive,
broad,
clinically
relevant
autoreactivity,
particularly
directed
against
nuclear
antigens
carbamylated
proteins,
emerging
10–15
after
onset
symptoms.
Detailed
low-selection
compartment
shows
high
frequency
clonotypes
specific
for
both
autoantigens,
including
pathogenic
autoantibodies
glomerular
basement
membrane.
We
further
contraction
this
on
recovery,
re-establishment
tolerance
standards
concomitant
loss
acute-derived
ASCs
irrespective
antigen
specificity.
However,
serological
autoreactivity
persists
subset
postacute
sequelae,
raising
important
questions
to
contribution
continuing
symptomology
recovery.
In
summary,
study
demonstrates
origins,
breadth
COVID-19,
implications
early
intervention
treatment
post-COVID
sequelae.
Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 47 - 70
Published: Sept. 6, 2022
Among
human
leukocyte
antigen
(HLA)-associated
disorders,
celiac
disease
has
an
immunopathogenesis
that
is
particularly
well
understood.
The
condition
characterized
by
hypersensitivity
to
cereal
gluten
proteins,
and
the
lesion
localized
in
gut.
Still,
diagnosis
can
be
made
detection
of
highly
disease-specific
autoantibodies
transglutaminase
2
blood.
We
now
have
mechanistic
insights
into
how
disease-predisposing
HLA-DQ
molecules,
via
presentation
posttranslationally
modified
peptides,
are
connected
generation
these
autoantibodies.
This
review
presents
our
current
understanding
immunobiology
this
common
disorder
positioned
border
zone
between
food
autoimmunity.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 782 - 782
Published: March 18, 2023
Autoimmune
diseases
(AIDs)
are
the
consequence
of
a
breach
in
immune
tolerance,
leading
to
inability
sufficiently
differentiate
between
self
and
non-self.
Immune
reactions
that
targeted
towards
self-antigens
can
ultimately
lead
destruction
host’s
cells
development
autoimmune
diseases.
Although
disorders
comparatively
rare,
worldwide
incidence
prevalence
is
increasing,
they
have
major
adverse
implications
for
mortality
morbidity.
Genetic
environmental
factors
thought
be
contributing
autoimmunity.
Viral
infections
one
triggers
Current
research
suggests
several
mechanisms,
such
as
molecular
mimicry,
epitope
spreading,
bystander
activation,
cause
viral-induced
Here
we
describe
latest
insights
into
pathomechanisms
discuss
recent
findings
on
COVID-19
AIDs.
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12(5), P. 1709 - 1709
Published: Feb. 21, 2023
Neurological
disorders
are
the
leading
cause
of
physical
and
cognitive
disability
across
globe,
currently
affecting
approximately
15%
worldwide
population
[...].
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(721)
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Astrocytes
are
abundant
glial
cells
in
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
that
play
active
roles
health
and
disease.
Recent
technologies
have
uncovered
functional
heterogeneity
of
astrocytes
their
extensive
interactions
with
other
cell
types
CNS.
In
this
Review,
we
highlight
intricate
between
astrocytes,
CNS-resident
cells,
CNS-infiltrating
as
well
potential
therapeutic
value
context
inflammation
neurodegeneration.
