Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 603(7902), P. 679 - 686

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has been characterized by three distinct waves. first was associated with a mix of lineages, while the second and third waves were driven Beta (B.1.351) Delta (B.1.617.2) variants, respectively 1–3 . In November 2021, genomic surveillance teams South Botswana detected new variant rapid resurgence infections Gauteng province, Africa. Within days genome being uploaded, it designated concern (Omicron, B.1.1.529) World Health Organization and, within weeks, had identified 87 countries. Omicron is exceptional for carrying over 30 mutations spike glycoprotein, which are predicted to influence antibody neutralization function 4 Here we describe profile early transmission dynamics Omicron, highlighting spread regions high levels population immunity.

Language: Английский

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The evolution of SARS-CoV-2

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 361 - 379

Published: April 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: recent progress and future perspectives

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: April 28, 2022

Abstract Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there have been a few variants severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one which is Omicron variant (B.1.1.529). The most mutated SARS-CoV-2 variant, and its high transmissibility immune evasion ability raised global concerns. Owing to enhanced transmissibility, has rapidly replaced Delta as dominant in several regions. However, recent studies shown that exhibits reduced pathogenicity due altered cell tropism. In addition, significant resistance neutralizing activity vaccines, convalescent serum, antibody therapies. present review, advances molecular clinical characteristics infectivity, pathogenicity, was summarized, potential therapeutic applications response infection were discussed. Furthermore, we highlighted future waves strategies end pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Humoral and cellular immune memory to four COVID-19 vaccines

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(14), P. 2434 - 2451.e17

Published: May 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(11), P. 1011 - 1020

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

T he coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has claimed an estimated 15 million lives, including more than 1 lives in the United States alone.The rapid development of multiple Covid-19 vaccines been a triumph biomedical research, and billions vaccine doses have administered worldwide.Challenges facing field include inequitable distribution, hesitancy, waning immunity, emergence highly transmissible viral variants that partially escape antibodies.This review summarizes current state knowledge about immune responses to importance both humoral cellular immunity for durable protection against severe disease. A nti v ir l Immunit yThe system is broadly divided into innate adaptive systems.Innate are first line defense viruses rapidly triggered when pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Innate antiviral includes secretion type I interferons, cytokines, certain responses, neutrophils, monocytes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells. Adaptive second viruses, involve antigen-specific recognition epitopes.Adaptive two complementary branches system: immunity.Humoral acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein either neutralize virus or eliminate it through other effector mechanisms. 2,3ellular virus-specific B cells which provide long-term immunologic memory expand on reexposure antigen.B produce antibodies, CD8+ directly virally infected CD4+ help support responses.5][6][7] For variant largely escapes neutralizing may be particularly important longterm

Language: Английский

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Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 ( Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6603)

Published: June 14, 2022

The Omicron, or Pango lineage B.1.1.529, variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) carries multiple spike mutations with high transmissibility and partial neutralizing antibody (nAb) escape. Vaccinated individuals show protection against disease, often attributed to primed cellular immunity. We investigated T B cell immunity B.1.1.529 in triple BioNTech BNT162b2 messenger RNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCWs) different SARS-CoV-2 infection histories. previous variants concern was enhanced triple-vaccinated individuals, but the magnitude responses protein reduced. Immune imprinting by earlier B.1.1.7 (Alpha) resulted less durable binding B.1.1.529. Previously infection-naïve HCWs who became infected during wave showed reduced nAb potency itself. Previous Wuhan Hu-1 abrogated recognition any cross-reactive on

Language: Английский

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Correlates of protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 310(1), P. 6 - 26

Published: June 5, 2022

Antibodies against epitopes in S1 give the most accurate CoP infection by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Measurement of those antibodies neutralization or binding assays both have predictive value, with antibody titers giving highest statistical correlation. However, protective functions are multiple. multiple other than influence efficacy. The role cellular responses can be discerned respect to CD4

Language: Английский

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Immunological memory to SARS‐CoV ‐2 infection and COVID ‐19 vaccines

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 310(1), P. 27 - 46

Published: June 22, 2022

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. can develop from multiple branches adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 B long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding to SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative qualitative features different cellular anatomical compartments; durability each component antibodies. Given sophistication measurements; size human studies; use longitudinal samples cross-sectional head-to-head comparisons between or for 1 year already supersedes that any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding as well scientific development future against diseases.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: immunogenicity, efficacy and safety

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 385 - 401

Published: March 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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The Evolution and Biology of SARS-CoV-2 Variants

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. a041390 - a041390

Published: April 20, 2022

Our understanding of the still unfolding severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic would have been extremely limited without study genetics and evolution this new human coronavirus. Large-scale genome-sequencing efforts provided close to real-time tracking global spread diversification SARS-CoV-2 since its entry into population in late 2019. These data underpinned analysis origins, epidemiology, adaptations population: principally immune evasion increasing transmissibility. SARS-CoV-2, despite being a pathogen, was highly capable human-to-human transmission. During rapid humans, has evolved independent forms, so-called "variants concern," that are better optimized for The most important adaptation bat progenitor both SARS-CoV-1 infection (and other mammals) is use angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor. Relaxed structural constraints provide plasticity SARS-related spike protein permitting it accommodate significant amino acid replacements antigenic consequence compromising ability bind ACE2. Although bulk research justifiably concentrated on viral as main determinant changes transmissibility, there accumulating evidence contribution regions proteome virus-host interaction. Whereas levels community transmission recombinants genetically distinct variants at present low, when divergent cocirculate, recombination between clades detected, risk viruses with properties emerge. Applying computational machine learning methods genome sequence sets generate experimentally verifiable predictions will serve an early warning system novel variant surveillance be future vaccine planning. Omicron, latest concern, focused attention step change events, "shift," opposed incremental "drift" antigenicity. Both increase transmissibility shift Omicron led readily causing infections fully vaccinated and/or previously infected. Omicron's virulence, while reduced relative concern replaced, Delta, very much premised past exposure individuals clear signal boosted vaccination protects from disease. Currently, proven itself dangerous pathogen unpredictable evolutionary capacity, leading too great not ensure all world screened by sequencing, protected through available affordable vaccines, non-punitive strategies place detecting responding concern.

Language: Английский

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