Child wasting and concurrent stunting in low- and middle-income countries

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7979), P. 558 - 567

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Sustainable Development Goal 2.2-to end malnutrition by 2030-includes the elimination of child wasting, defined as a weight-for-length z-score that is more than two standard deviations below median World Health Organization standards for growth

Language: Английский

---

Causes and consequences of child growth faltering in low-resource settings

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 621(7979), P. 568 - 576

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Abstract Growth faltering in children (low length for age or low weight length) during the first 1,000 days of life (from conception to 2 years age) influences short-term and long-term health survival 1,2 . Interventions such as nutritional supplementation pregnancy postnatal period could help prevent growth faltering, but programmatic action has been insufficient eliminate high burden stunting wasting low- middle-income countries. Identification windows population subgroups on which focus will benefit future preventive efforts. Here we use a intervention effects analysis 33 longitudinal cohorts (83,671 children, 662,763 measurements) 30 separate exposures show that improving maternal anthropometry child condition at birth accounted increases length-for-age z -scores up 0.40 weight-for-length 0.15 by 24 months age. Boys had consistently higher risk all forms than girls. Early predisposed subsequent persistent faltering. Children with multiple deficits exhibited mortality rates from without (hazard ratios 1.9 8.7). The importance prenatal causes severe consequences who experienced early support pre-conception key opportunity new interventions.

Language: Английский

---

Trends of height-for-age Z-scores according to age among Brazilian children under 5 years old from 2006 to 2019

Cadernos de Saúde Pública, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 39(suppl 2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This study compared the distribution of stunting and height-for-age (HAZ) Z-scores among age groups in data from Brazilian National Survey on Demography Health Women Children (PNDS 2006) Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019). The final sample comprised 4,408 14,553 children < 59 months PNDS 2006 ENANI-2019, respectively. with HAZ scores -2 according to World Organization (WHO) growth standard were classified as stunted. Prevalence, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), means, deviations estimated for Brazil age. at each (in months) was using svysmooth function R survey package. Analyses considered complex sampling design studies. Statistical differences determined by analyzing 95%CI overlap point estimates. From 2019, prevalence 12 increased 4.7% 9%. As expected, smoothed curves showed a higher mean score 24 than 2019 no aged 6-12 months. For ≥ age, we observed 2019. Although similar between increased, whereas decreased. Considering deterioration living conditions potential impact COVID-19 pandemic, expect greater near future.

Language: Английский

---

Impacts of air pollution on child growth: Evidence from extensive data in Chinese counties

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 102808 - 102808

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Language: Английский

---

How Can Nutrition Research Better Reflect the Relationship Between Wasting and Stunting in Children? Learnings from the Wasting and Stunting Project

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 152(12), P. 2645 - 2651

Published: April 25, 2022

Childhood wasting and stunting affect large numbers of children globally. Both are important risk factors for illness death yet, despite the fact that these conditions can share common often seen in same child, they commonly portrayed as relatively distinct manifestations undernutrition. In 2014, Wasting Stunting project was launched by Emergency Nutrition Network. Its aim to better understand complex relationship associations between examine whether current separations were apparent approaches policy, financing, programs justified or useful. Based on project's work, this article aims bring a lens how research is designed financed order nutrition community understand, prevent, treat child Discussion lessons learnt focuses synergy temporal relationships children's weight loss linear growth faltering, proximal distal drive diverse forms undernutrition, identifying targeting people most at risk. Supporting progress all areas requires collaborations across interest groups highlight value moves beyond focus single ensures there equal attention given other malnutrition, wherever it present.

Language: Английский

---

Effect of heat stress in the first 1000 days of life on fetal and infant growth: a secondary analysis of the ENID randomised controlled trial

The Lancet Planetary Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(10), P. e734 - e743

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

The intersecting crises of climate change, food insecurity, and undernutrition disproportionately affect children. Understanding the effect heat on growth from conception to 2 years age is important because mortality morbidity implications in near term over life course.

Language: Английский

---

Suboptimal refeeding compensates stunting in a mouse model of juvenile malnutrition

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Growth dynamics of Indian infants using latent trajectory models in pooled survey datasets

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

National survey data show that age- and sex-standardized weight length measurements decline early in Indian children. In population-level longitudinal data, detection of growth trajectories is important for the implementation interventions. We aimed to identify characterize distinct children from birth 12 months age residing urban rural areas. Pooled four interventional non-interventional studies across India were used analysis. Latent class mixed modeling (LCMM) was employed groups with similar over age. The named Classes Children created length-for-age Z scores (LAZ) weight-for-age (WAZ) based on place birth, residential area, maternal education. identified two latent classes LAZ boys three girls, WAZ both girls. first LAZ, highest proportion (>80% children), did not or increase age; boys, Class 1 close WHO median, whereas lower than median birth. remaining girls declined (slope, μdg = - 1.04; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.99 0.69; -0.76, -0.63 girls). trajectory (approximately 50% children) ( =0.13; 0.11, 0.16) second =0.24; 0.18, 0.30) increased age, while There heterogeneity year life, which by types trajectories. predominant most other demonstrated an initial decline.

Language: Английский

---

Skeletal and Adipose Manifestations of Stress in a Contemporary Pediatric Sample

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 186(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Adverse experiences leading to physiological disruptions (stress) in early life produce cascade effects on various biological systems, including the endocrine and metabolic which, turn, shape developing skeletal system. To evaluate of stress adipose tissues, we examine relationship between indicators (porotic hyperostosis [PH] cribra orbitalia [CO]), bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral neural canal (VNC) diameters, tissue distribution a contemporary pediatric autopsy sample. Data is from 702 (409 males, 293 females) individuals (0.5-20.9 years) sample New Mexico who died 2011 2022. includes visceral (VAT) abdomen, heart, liver, CO/PH, VNC size fifth lumbar vertebra, BMD. We find that location are differentially associated with BMD, size; smaller, liver adiposity higher those CO/PH. Further, increased VAT small PH presence low Body mass index categories do not correspond porous cranial lesion presence. This paper provides evidence for complex markers early-life (CO/PH, reduced size, BMD) system function. partly shaped by stressors during gestation, likely through alterations HPA axis. It possible axis due gestational also expression lesions exposure childhood stressors.

Language: Английский

---

Probiotics and Synbiotics Administered to Young Infants: Perceptions and Acceptability Amongst Carers and Healthcare Workers in Western Kenya

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 495 - 495

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Background/Objectives: A contributory factor to childhood undernutrition is poor gut health occurring within the first 6–12 weeks of life despite exclusive breastfeeding. Pro/synbiotic administration may protect health. qualitative study was conducted amongst mothers/carers and healthcare workers (HCWs) explore their perceptions acceptability pro/synbiotics in early life. Methods: This nested a randomised, open, clinical trial with 32 doses administered under supervision infants between ages 0 5 months western Kenya. Semi-structured interviews were 14 mothers/carers, 12 Peer Mothers 7 selected by purposive critical key informant sampling. Interviews transcribed analysed using thematic coding framework. Results: The satisfaction pro/synbiotic very high all three groups. Commonly perceived benefits included protection from diseases, healthy growth infant improved appetite. main barriers working mothers other commitments making it difficult stick scheduled visits, adverse judgement opinions community, lack engagement fathers. Insights gained into different means administering young infants. Triangulation findings HCWs showed that most identified motivations challenges similar. Conclusions: well accepted generally have benefits. themselves be feasible overcome logistical challenges. Greater efforts sensitise engage fathers communities would likely for community-based program.

Language: Английский

---