Trends in Cell Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Brain
organoids
are
important
3D
models
for
studying
human
brain
development,
disease,
and
evolution.
To
overcome
some
of
the
existing
limitations
that
affect
organoid
quality,
reproducibility,
characteristics,
in
vivo
resemblance,
current
efforts
directed
to
improve
their
physiological
relevance
by
exploring
different,
yet
interconnected,
routes.
In
this
review,
these
approaches
latest
developments
discussed,
including
stem
cell
optimization,
refining
morphogen
administration
strategies,
altering
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
manipulating
tissue
architecture
mimic
morphogenesis.
Additionally,
strategies
increase
diversity
enhance
maturation,
such
as
establishing
co-cultures,
assembloids,
xenotransplantation,
reviewed.
We
explore
how
various
factors
can
be
tuned
intermingled
speculate
on
future
avenues
towards
even
more
physiologically-advanced
organoids.
Cell,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
187(3), P. 712 - 732.e38
Published: Jan. 8, 2024
Human
brain
development
involves
an
orchestrated,
massive
neural
progenitor
expansion
while
a
multi-cellular
tissue
architecture
is
established.
Continuously
expanding
organoids
can
be
grown
directly
from
multiple
somatic
tissues,
yet
to
date,
solely
established
pluripotent
stem
cells.
Here,
we
show
that
healthy
human
fetal
in
vitro
self-organizes
into
(FeBOs),
phenocopying
aspects
of
vivo
cellular
heterogeneity
and
complex
organization.
FeBOs
expanded
over
long
time
periods.
FeBO
growth
requires
maintenance
integrity,
which
ensures
production
tissue-like
extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
niche,
ultimately
endowing
expansion.
lines
derived
different
areas
the
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
including
dorsal
ventral
forebrain,
preserve
their
regional
identity
allow
probe
positional
identity.
Using
CRISPR-Cas9,
showcase
generation
syngeneic
mutant
for
study
cancer.
Taken
together,
constitute
complementary
CNS
organoid
platform.
Stem Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(6), P. 796 - 816
Published: May 16, 2024
Human
brain
organoid
models
have
emerged
as
a
promising
tool
for
studying
human
development
and
function.
These
preserve
genetics
recapitulate
some
aspects
of
development,
while
facilitating
manipulation
in
an
vitro
setting.
Despite
their
potential
to
transform
biology
medicine,
concerns
persist
about
fidelity.
To
fully
harness
potential,
it
is
imperative
establish
reliable
analytic
methods,
ensuring
rigor
reproducibility.
Here,
we
review
current
analytical
platforms
used
characterize
forebrain
cortical
organoids,
highlight
challenges,
propose
recommendations
future
studies
achieve
greater
precision
uniformity
across
laboratories.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 19, 2024
Perturb-seq
enabled
the
profiling
of
transcriptional
effects
genetic
perturbations
in
single
cells
but
lacks
ability
to
examine
impact
on
tissue
environments.
We
present
Perturb-DBiT
for
simultaneous
co-
sequencing
spatial
transcriptome
and
guide
RNAs
(gRNAs)
same
section
vivo
CRISPR
screen
with
genome-scale
gRNA
libraries,
offering
a
comprehensive
understanding
how
modifications
affect
cellular
behavior
architecture.
This
platform
supports
variety
delivery
vectors,
library
sizes,
preparations,
along
two
distinct
capture
methods,
making
it
adaptable
wide
range
experimental
setups.
In
applying
Perturb-DBiT,
we
conducted
un-biased
knockouts
tens
genes
or
at
genome-wide
scale
across
three
cancer
models.
mapped
all
gRNAs
individual
colonies
corresponding
transcriptomes
human
metastatic
colonization
model,
revealing
clonal
dynamics
cooperation.
also
examined
effect
perturbation
tumor
immune
microenvironment
an
immune-competent
syngeneic
uncovering
differential
synergistic
promoting
infiltration
suppression
tumors.
allows
simultaneously
evaluating
each
knockout
initiation,
development,
metastasis,
histopathology,
landscape.
Ultimately,
not
only
broadens
scope
inquiry,
lays
groundwork
developing
targeted
therapeutic
strategies.
Advanced Healthcare Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 25, 2024
Abstract
Cell
spheroids
(esp.
organoids)
as
3D
culture
platforms
are
popular
models
for
representing
cell–cell
and
cell–extracellular
matrix
(ECM)
interactions,
bridging
the
gap
between
2D
cell
cultures
natural
tissues.
with
spatially
organized
multiple
types
preferred
gaining
comprehensive
insights
into
tissue
pathophysiology
constructing
in
vitro
tissues
disease
because
of
complexities
In
recent
years,
an
assembly
strategy
using
(or
living
building
blocks
has
been
developed
to
construct
complex
spatial
organization.
Here,
a
overview
advances
multispheroid
studies
is
provided.
The
different
mechanisms
techniques,
i.e.,
automated
directed
assembly,
noncontact
remote
programmed
self‐assembly,
introduced.
processing
steps,
advantages,
technical
limitations
existing
methodologies
summarized.
Applications
strategies
modeling,
drug
screening,
engineering,
organogenesis
reviewed.
Finally,
this
review
concludes
by
emphasizing
persistent
issues
future
perspectives,
encouraging
researchers
adopt
techniques
generating
advanced
that
better
resemble
real
