Wildfire risk management in the era of climate change

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(5)

Published: April 30, 2024

The August 8, 2023R Lahaina fire refocused attention on wildfires, public alerts, and emergency management. Wildfire risk is the rise, precipitated through a combination of climate change, increased development in wildland-urban interface (WUI), decades unmitigated biomass accumulation forests, long history emphasis suppression over hazard mitigation. Stemming tide wildfire death destruction will involve bringing together diverse scientific disciplines into policy. Renewed needed alerts community evacuations. Land management strategies need to account for impact change mitigation forest ecosystems. Here, we propose long-term strategy consisting integrating wider-scope land policies strategies, discuss new technologies possible breakthroughs.

Language: Английский

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Humans have substantially extended fire seasons in all biomes on Earth

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

The conjunction of lightning ignitions and dry vegetation has shaped fire regimes throughout geological time. These natural have in turn influenced the adaptation biotas globally. Anthropogenic use, however, radically transformed worldwide by extending seasons to limits bounded periods high fuel moisture. Conversely, active suppression typically limited occurrence extent ignited fires – particularly where population density is higher. Disaggregating contemporary human- lightning-caused seasonal patterns globally can shed light on magnitude anthropogenic change among biomes. Using global datasets flammability moisture thresholds we define distribution seasons. We then use a record strike disaggregate season into mixed (i.e., present) periods, before describing respective importance these amongst assess breadth against daily satellite burned area (2001–2023) contextualise areas within productivity human using established productivity-fire activity relationship. Collectively, show that current influences substantially lengthening seasons, irrespective local land practices, density, occurrence, biome type.

Language: Английский

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Global Future Drought Layers Based on Downscaled CMIP6 Models and Multiple Socioeconomic Pathways

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract Droughts are a natural hazard of growing concern as they projected to increase in frequency and severity for many regions the world. The identification droughts their future characteristics is essential building an understanding geography magnitude potential drought change trajectories, which turn critical information manage resilience across multiple sectors disciplines. Adding this effort, we developed dataset global historical indices over 1980–2100 period based on downscaled CMIP6 models shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP). composed two indices: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) Evapotranspiration (SPEI) 23 climate (GCMs) (0.25-degree resolution), including (1980–2014) projections (2015–2100) under four scenarios: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5. were calculated 3-, 6- 12-month accumulation timescales available gridded spatial datasets regular latitude-longitude format at monthly time resolution.

Language: Английский

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Heating-Induced Changes in Content and Molecular Characteristics of Pyrogenic Dissolved Organic Matter across Soil Types

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Wildfires remarkably alter the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that regulates postfire biogeochemical processes environmental quality. However, it remains unclear how heating-induced percent changes (%HIC) in DOM differ among soil types on a wide geographic scale. Here, we used carbon (DOC) quantification, absorption, fluorescence spectroscopies, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to investigate variations %HIC Chinese reference materials after heating at 250 400 °C. Our results reveal as pH increased, DOC content while aromaticity-related indices decreased for both temperatures. Moreover, biolability contents aliphatics increased with °C but remained relatively stable heating. Results suggest compared those acidic soil-dominated forests, wildfires alkaline forests may cause greater soils, which facilitate microbial recovery. These findings deepen our understanding site-specific impacts subsequent implications cycling across different regions.

Language: Английский

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Forest Carbon Sequestration Functions and Mitigation Strategies for Global Climate Change

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

This chapter aims to explore the critical role of forests in mitigating global climate change by enhancing carbon sequestration. We synthesized research sink, showcasing their significant sink potential. Drawing on previous studies, we introduced contributions various forest types and management practices bolster Case studies successful nature-based solutions (NbS) projects are highlighted illustrate effective strategies for increasing sinks. Additionally, outlined methodologies quantifying sequestration, encompassing field-based approaches, remote sensing technologies, advanced modeling techniques. Sustainable were evaluated, with a focus afforestation, reforestation, conservation, efficient utilization resources, including wood products renewable energy integration. Furthermore, discussed existing policy frameworks, particular emphasis REDD+ initiative, provide recommendations enhance effectiveness promoting In summary, this offers holistic perspective how can be leveraged as vital tool combating change.

Language: Английский

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Machine learning-guided integration of fixed and mobile sensors for high resolution urban PM2.5 mapping

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Increased Atmospheric Aridity and Reduced Precipitation Drive the 2023 Extreme Wildfire Season in Canada

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 52(6)

Published: March 10, 2025

Abstract Canada experienced an unprecedented wildfire season in 2023. Here, we analyzed the exceptional scale, dominant driving factors, and potential impacts on permafrost of these wildfires using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer burned area (BA) observations machine learning methods. We found that 2023 coast‐to‐coast raged a staggering 13.02 Mha, more than seven times historical average (2001–2022). The extreme were predominantly driven by record‐breaking drought, characterized heightened atmospheric aridity reduced precipitation, with specific water deficit thresholds triggering sharp increases BA. Over 80% occurred Canada's regions, areas increasing six‐fold across extensive permafrost, including Arctic regions. These are expected to accelerate degradation considerable carbon release from thawing, presenting previously overlooked risks. Our results emphasize urgent need for immediate climatic action mitigate climate change pressures degradation.

Language: Английский

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Global data-driven prediction of fire activity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Recent advancements in machine learning (ML) have expanded the potential use across scientific applications, including weather and hazard forecasting. The ability of these methods to extract information from diverse novel data types enables transition forecasting fire weather, predicting actual activity. In this study we demonstrate that shift is feasible also within an operational context. Traditional forecasts tend over predict high danger, particularly fuel limited biomes, often resulting false alarms. By using on characteristics, ignitions observed activity, data-driven predictions reduce false-alarm rate high-danger forecasts, enhancing their accuracy. This made possible by quality global datasets evolution detection. We find input more important when improving than complexity ML architecture. While focus justified, our findings highlight importance investing high-quality and, where necessary create it through physical models. Neglecting aspect would undermine gains ML-based approaches, emphasizing essential achieve meaningful progress activity

Language: Английский

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Optimizing the use of membrane filtration for the amelioration of smoke tainted wine

Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 479, P. 143704 - 143704

Published: March 8, 2025

Efficient removal of free and glycosylated volatile phenols from smoke tainted wine remains a significant challenge for winemakers. The partitioning their glycoconjugates (as taint markers) by ultrafiltration (UF) nanofiltration (NF) membranes was evaluated. While the phenol content permeate derived NF UF were comparable to that untreated wine, progressively concentrated in retentate as membrane molecular weight cut-off decreased. Three wines subsequently fractionated resulting eluted through column packed with adsorbent resin. Volatile removed varying degrees (37-100 %), but carried-over one next, despite resin regeneration. Resin saturation occurred earlier than phenols, i.e., after elution 15 vs >100 bed volumes permeate. This study provides insight into potential filtration help ameliorate wines.

Language: Английский

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Future enhanced threshold effects of wildfire drivers could increase burned areas in northern mid- and high latitudes

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: March 21, 2025

Language: Английский

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