The fate of mitochondrial respiratory complexes in aging DOI Creative Commons
Hanna Salmonowicz, Karolina Szczepanowska

Trends in Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

While mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the canonical hallmarks aging, it remains only vaguely defined. Its core feature embraces defects in energy-producing molecular machinery, respiratory complexes (MRCs). The causes and consequences these hold research attention. In this review, we assess lifecycle complexes, from biogenesis to degradation, look closely at mechanisms that could underpin their aged cells. We discuss how processes be altered by aging expand on fate MRCs age-associated pathologies. Given complexity behind MRC maintenance functionality, several traits contribute phenomenon known as dysfunction. New advances will help us better understand machinery age-related diseases.

Language: Английский

Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acids as an Efficient Nasal‐to‐Brain Delivery Carrier via Neural Transport Pathways DOI Open Access
Geru Zhang, Yang Gao, Lan Yao

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Abstract In the development of nasal‐to‐brain (N2B) drug delivery systems, key challenge lies in penetrating mucus, crossing nasal epithelial barrier, and achieving broad distribution within central nervous system (CNS) while ensuring biosafety. Non‐biomimetic systems raise concerns regarding metabolism, biomimetic though safer, still face premature release into tissues limited distribution. Moreover, N2B transport mechanisms most existing remain inadequately understood. This study proposed an efficient based on tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs). These nanostructures, ≈10 nm size, possess densely negative‐charged surfaces that help evade protein capture facilitate rapid penetration mucus layer, travel along olfactory trigeminal nerve axons to achieve widespread CNS. The pathway is clearly elucidated. Additionally, tFNAs are used deliver peptide via intranasal administration treat sepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE). Results showed tFNA‐NAP can regulate microglial activity, reduce neuronal damage, improve behavioral outcomes. both short‐ long‐term safety experiments revealed no adverse effects. summary, tFNA‐based fills a gap this field, offering non‐invasive treatment approach for CNS diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Neuroinflammation and immunometabolism in neurodegenerative diseases DOI

Neha Lonkar,

Eicke Latz, Róisín M. McManus

et al.

Current Opinion in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 38(2), P. 163 - 171

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Immunometabolism is an emerging field of research investigating the ability immune cells to modulate their metabolic activity for optimal function. While this has been extensively examined in peripheral like macrophages, only recently have these studies extended assess immunometabolic microglia, innate brain. Microglia are highly metabolically flexible and can utilize different nutrients diverse functions. Like other cells, they undergo reprogramming on stimulation inflammatory, neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In recent years, researchers looked at intricate mechanisms that microglial uncovered key links between altered metabolism, neuroinflammation, involvement disease-associated risk genes. This review highlights significantly contributed our understanding dysregulation observed activated microglia AD, unveiling novel targets therapeutic intervention.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
The Potential Role of Mitochondria in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Implications for Brain Health DOI Creative Commons
Lei Qiao, Ge Yang, Peng Wang

et al.

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 209, P. 107434 - 107434

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

Mitochondria are crucial organelles that regulate cellular energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and oxidative stress responses, playing pivotal roles in brain development neurodegeneration. Concurrently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of physiology pathology through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Recent evidence suggests an intricate crosstalk between mitochondrial function, mediated by microbial metabolites can influence activities brain. This review aims to provide comprehensive overview emerging role mitochondria critical mediators axis, shaping health neurological disease pathogenesis. We discuss how such short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile tryptophan metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide traverse blood-brain barrier modulate processes including production, regulation, mitophagy, neurons glial cells. Additionally, we proposed targeting diet, prebiotics, probiotics, or promising potential therapeutic approach maintain optimizing fitness. Overall, further investigations into its bioenergetics, dynamics, responses will valuable insights axis both states.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Intranasal delivery of metformin using metal–organic framework (MOF)-74-Mg nanocarriers DOI Creative Commons
Muzhaozi Yuan, Zongsu Han, Yogish Somayaji

et al.

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis: Global, Regional, National and Sub-National-Level Estimates and Future Projections DOI Creative Commons
Gulfaraz Khan, Muhammad Jawad Hashim

Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is complex due to the interaction various risk factors. This study assesses global, regional, national and sub-national burden MS predicts future trends. Data from Global Burden Disease Study 2021 was analyzed assess 1990 2021. World Bank used determine socio-demographic predictors prevalence using multivariate analysis. Globally, 1.89 million people live with MS, over 62,000 new cases diagnosed in global 23.9 per 100,000 population, a continuous increase past three decades. North America Western Europe had highest prevalence, incidence, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), mortality rates. Countries were Sweden (219 /100,000 population), Canada (182), Norway (176), Ireland (163), UK (158). Analysis subnational level data US revealed that northern states such as Utah, Montana, Rhode Island incidence rates double those southern Hawaii, Mississippi Louisiana. rising worldwide, especially developed countries. To reduce this burden, it essential understand distribution factors address healthcare disparities early diagnosis, access treatment social services.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Itaconate restrains acute proinflammatory activation of microglia MG after traumatic brain injury in mice DOI
Ning Liu, Yinghua Jiang, Yuwen Xiu

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(789)

Published: March 12, 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) rapidly triggers proinflammatory activation of microglia, contributing to secondary damage post-TBI. Although the governing role energy metabolism in shaping inflammatory phenotype and function immune cells has been increasingly recognized, specific alterations microglial bioenergetics post-TBI remain poorly understood. Itaconate, a metabolite produced by enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 [IRG1; encoded responsive gene ( Irg1 )], is pivotal metabolic regulator cells, particularly macrophages. Because microglia are macrophages parenchyma, IRG1/itaconate pathway likely modulates responses. In this study, we explored regulating using mouse controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. We isolated before 4 12 hours after TBI observed swift but transient increase glycolysis coupled with prolonged disruption mitochondrial injury. Despite an up-regulation expression, itaconate declined TBI. Microglia-specific knockout -Mi-KO) exacerbated changes, intensified neurodegeneration, worsened certain long-term neurological deficits. Supplementation 4-octyl (OI) reinstated use oxidative glucose, glutamine, fatty acid, thereby enhancing OI supplementation also attenuated neurodegeneration improved outcomes. These results suggest that therapeutically targeting could improve outcomes

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Glial Cells as Key Regulators in Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms Associated with Multiple Sclerosis DOI Open Access

Styliani Theophanous,

Irene Sargiannidou, Kleopas A. Kleopa

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(17), P. 9588 - 9588

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Even though several highly effective treatments have been developed for multiple sclerosis (MS), the underlying pathological mechanisms and drivers of disease not fully elucidated. In recent years, there has a growing interest in studying neuroinflammation context glial cell involvement as is increasing evidence their central role progression. Although communication proper function underlies brain homeostasis maintenance, effects an MS remain complex controversial. this review, we aim to provide overview contribution cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia pathology during both activation orchestration inflammatory mechanisms, well synergistic repair restoration function. Additionally, discuss how understanding may new therapeutic targets either limit progression or facilitate repair.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Metabolic homeostasis of tissue macrophages across the lifespan DOI
Stefanie K. Wculek, Stephan Forisch, Verónica Miguel

et al.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 793 - 808

Published: May 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Microglia mitochondrial complex I deficiency during development induces glial dysfunction and early lethality DOI
Bella Mora-Romero, Nicolas Capelo-Carrasco, Juan José Pérez-Moreno

et al.

Nature Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1479 - 1491

Published: July 24, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
The impact of neuroinflammation on neuronal integrity DOI Open Access
Bora Tastan, Michael T. Heneka

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(1), P. 8 - 32

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Neuroinflammation, characterized by a complex interplay among innate and adaptive immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), is crucial in responding to infections, injuries, disease pathologies. However, dysregulation of neuroinflammatory response could significantly affect neurons terms function structure, leading profound health implications. Although tremendous progress has been made understanding relationship between processes alterations neuronal integrity, specific implications concerning both structure have not extensively covered, with exception perspectives on glial activation neurodegeneration. Thus, this review aims provide comprehensive overview multifaceted interactions key inflammatory players, exploring mechanisms through which inflammation influences functionality structural integrity CNS. Further, it will discuss how these lead impairment functions architecture highlight consequences caused dysregulated functions, such as cognitive dysfunction mood disorders. By integrating insights from recent research findings, enhance our landscape set stage for future interventions that transform current approaches preserve CNS-related conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

5