Current Opinion in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
76, P. 102181 - 102181
Published: April 21, 2022
Different
tissue-resident
macrophages
are
present
in
and
at
the
borders
of
brain.
Microglia
reside
central
nervous
system
parenchyma,
whereas
non-parenchymal
dwell
interface
between
brain
periphery,
including
perivascular
spaces,
choroid
plexus,
meninges.
display
regional
heterogeneity
phenotype
function,
fulfill
critical
roles
neuronal
development
regulation
homeostasis
healthy
In
recent
years,
it
became
clear
that
also
exhibit
transcriptional
diversity
different
dynamics
but
less
is
known
about
their
functional
specification
respective
anatomical
locations.
This
review
discusses
advances
describing
macrophage
compartment
potential
physiological
functions
with
a
focus
on
macrophages.
Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 95 - 121
Published: Sept. 13, 2022
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
is
clinically,
pathologically,
and
genetically
heterogeneous,
resisting
distillation
to
a
single,
cohesive
disorder.
Instead,
each
affected
individual
develops
virtually
unique
form
of
syndrome.
Clinical
manifestations
consist
variable
motor
nonmotor
features,
myriad
overlaps
are
recognized
with
other
neurodegenerative
conditions.
Although
most
commonly
characterized
by
alpha-synuclein
protein
pathology
throughout
the
central
peripheral
nervous
systems,
distribution
varies
pathologies
modify
PD
or
trigger
similar
manifestations.
Nearly
all
influenced.
More
than
100
genes
genetic
loci
have
been
identified,
cases
likely
arise
from
interactions
among
many
common
rare
variants.
Despite
its
complex
architecture,
insights
experimental
dissection
coalesce
reveal
unifying
biological
themes,
including
synaptic,
lysosomal,
mitochondrial,
andimmune-mediated
mechanisms
pathogenesis.
This
emerging
understanding
syndrome,
coupled
advances
in
biomarkers
targeted
therapies,
presages
successful
precision
medicine
strategies.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(13), P. 2091 - 2091
Published: June 30, 2022
Neuroinflammation
is
a
hallmark
of
many
neurodegenerative
diseases
(NDs)
and
plays
fundamental
role
in
mediating
the
onset
progression
disease.
Microglia,
which
function
as
first-line
immune
guardians
central
nervous
system
(CNS),
are
drivers
neuroinflammation.
Numerous
human
postmortem
studies
vivo
imaging
analyses
have
shown
chronically
activated
microglia
patients
with
various
acute
chronic
neuropathological
diseases.
While
microglial
activation
common
feature
NDs,
exact
pathological
states
complex
often
contradictory.
However,
there
consensus
that
play
biphasic
conditions,
detrimental
protective
phenotypes,
overall
response
different
phenotypes
depends
on
nature
duration
inflammatory
insult,
well
stage
disease
development.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
overview
current
research
responses
health,
aging,
special
emphasis
heterogeneous
phenotypic
such
hemorrhagic
stroke
(HS),
Alzheimer's
(AD),
Parkinson's
(PD).
The
primary
focus
translational
preclinical
animal
models
bulk/single-cell
transcriptome
samples.
Additionally,
this
covers
key
receptors
signaling
pathways
potential
therapeutic
targets
to
regulate
during
aging
NDs.
age-,
sex-,
species-specific
differences
will
be
briefly
reviewed.
Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
380(6640)
Published: April 6, 2023
Contemporary
studies
have
completely
changed
the
view
of
brain
immunity
from
envisioning
as
isolated
and
inaccessible
to
peripheral
immune
cells
an
organ
in
close
physical
functional
communication
with
system
for
its
maintenance,
function,
repair.
Circulating
reside
special
niches
brain's
borders,
choroid
plexus,
meninges,
perivascular
spaces,
which
they
patrol
sense
a
remote
manner.
These
niches,
together
meningeal
lymphatic
skull
microchannels,
provide
multiple
routes
interaction
between
system,
addition
blood
vasculature.
In
this
Review,
we
describe
current
ideas
about
their
implications
aging,
diseases,
immune-based
therapeutic
approaches.
