Immuno,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 4 - 4
Published: Jan. 4, 2025
Sex-based
differences
in
innate
immunity
may
play
a
crucial
role
susceptibility
to
and
progression
of
tuberculosis
(TB),
disease
that
disproportionately
affects
men.
This
study
aimed
examine
whether
early
host–pathogen
interactions
contribute
the
heightened
vulnerability
males
Mycobacterium
(Mtb)
infection.
Using
recombination
activating
gene
2
knockout
(RAG2
KO)
mice,
which
lack
adaptive
immunity,
we
were
able
isolate
analyze
immune
responses
Mtb
without
influence
T
B
cells.
Surprisingly,
stark
contrast
wild-type
mice
reflect
male
bias
as
observed
humans,
female
RAG2
KO
more
susceptible
than
their
counterparts.
Increased
lung
CFU
females
was
accompanied
by
significant
rise
inflammation,
indicated
elevated
levels
inflammatory
cytokines
chemokines,
well
massive
influx
neutrophils
into
lungs.
In
contrast,
exhibited
higher
IFN-γ
CCL5,
along
with
greater
presence
NK
cells
lungs,
suggesting
that,
absence
benefit
from
robust
cell
response,
potentially
offering
protection
better
controlling
inflammation
slowing
progression.
Cancer Discovery,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 2090 - 2105
Published: June 28, 2023
Abstract
Sex
differences
in
glioblastoma
(GBM)
incidence
and
outcome
are
well
recognized,
emerging
evidence
suggests
that
these
extend
to
genetic/epigenetic
cellular
differences,
including
immune
responses.
However,
the
mechanisms
driving
immunologic
sex
not
fully
understood.
Here,
we
demonstrate
T
cells
play
a
critical
role
GBM
differences.
Male
mice
exhibited
accelerated
tumor
growth,
with
decreased
frequency
increased
exhaustion
of
CD8+
tumor.
Furthermore,
higher
progenitor
exhausted
was
found
males,
improved
responsiveness
anti–PD-1
treatment.
Moreover,
T-cell
observed
male
patients.
Bone
marrow
chimera
adoptive
transfer
models
indicated
cell–mediated
control
predominantly
regulated
cell-intrinsic
manner,
partially
mediated
by
X
chromosome
inactivation
escape
gene
Kdm6a.
These
findings
sex-biased
predetermined
behavior
is
for
inducing
progression
immunotherapy
response.
Significance:
Immunotherapies
patients
have
been
unsuccessful
due
variety
factors,
highly
immunosuppressive
microenvironment
GBM.
This
study
demonstrates
behaviors
intrinsically
regulated,
further
suggesting
sex-specific
approaches
can
be
leveraged
potentially
improve
therapeutic
efficacy
See
related
commentary
Alspach,
p.
1966.
article
featured
Selected
Articles
from
Issue,
1949
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Oct. 11, 2024
Abstract
The
Four
Core
Genotypes
(FCG)
is
a
mouse
model
system
used
to
disentangle
the
function
of
sex
chromosomes
and
hormones.
We
report
that
copy
3.2
MB
region
X
chromosome
has
translocated
Y
Sry-
thus
increased
expression
X-linked
genes
including
single-stranded
RNA
sensor
autoimmune
disease
mediator
Tlr7
.
This
previously-unreported
X-Y
translocation
complicates
interpretation
studies
reliant
on
C57BL/6J
FCG
mice.
Journal of Clinical Investigation,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
134(13)
Published: June 30, 2024
Cancer
risk
is
modulated
by
hereditary
and
somatic
mutations,
exposures,
age,
sex,
gender.
The
mechanisms
which
sex
gender
work
alone
in
combination
with
other
cancer
factors
remain
underexplored.
In
general,
cancers
that
occur
both
the
male
female
sexes
more
commonly
XY
compared
XX
individuals,
regardless
of
genetic
ancestry,
geographic
location,
age.
Moreover,
individuals
are
less
frequently
cured
their
cancers,
highlighting
need
for
a
greater
understanding
effects
oncology.
This
will
be
necessary
optimal
laboratory
clinical
investigations.
To
end,
we
review
epigenetics
sexual
differentiation
its
effect
on
hallmark
pathways
throughout
life.
Specifically,
touch
how
differences
metabolism,
immunity,
pluripotency,
tumor
suppressor
functions
patterned
through
epigenetic
imprinting,
chromosome
complement,
X
inactivation,
genes
escaping
hormones,
life
history.
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(773)
Published: Nov. 13, 2024
Sex
differences
have
been
observed
in
acute
coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
and
Long
Covid
(LC)
outcomes,
with
greater
severity
mortality
during
infection
males
proportions
of
females
developing
LC.
We
hypothesized
that
sex-specific
immune
dysregulation
contributes
to
LC
pathogenesis.
To
investigate
the
immunologic
underpinnings
development
symptom
persistence,
we
performed
multiomic
analyses
on
blood
samples
obtained
severe
respiratory
syndrome
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
3
12
months
after
a
cohort
45
participants
who
either
developed
or
recovered.
Several
pathways
were
associated
Males
would
later
develop
exhibited
increases
transforming
growth
factor-β
(TGF-β)
signaling
infection,
whereas
go
had
reduced
