Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses DOI Creative Commons
Benjamín L. Sievers, Saborni Chakraborty, Yong Xue

et al.

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(634)

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that have mutations associated with increased transmission and antibody escape arisen over the course of current pandemic. Although vaccines largely been effective against past variants, number found on Omicron (B.1.1.529) spike protein appear to diminish protection conferred by preexisting immunity. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoparticles expressing several SARS-CoV-2 we evaluated magnitude breadth neutralizing response time in individuals after infection mRNA-vaccinated individuals. We observed boosting increases wild-type (D614), Beta, Delta, variants; however, variant was most resistant neutralization. further vaccinated healthy adults had robust broad responses, whereas responses may reduced pregnant women, underscoring importance learning how maximize mRNA vaccine populations. Findings from this study show substantial heterogeneity vaccination support addition more conserved viral antigens existing vaccines.

Language: Английский

The T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2 DOI Open Access
Paul Moss

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 186 - 193

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

1110
SARS-CoV-2 variant biology: immune escape, transmission and fitness DOI Creative Commons
Alessandro M. Carabelli, Thomas P. Peacock, Lucy Thorne

et al.

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 18, 2023

In late 2020, after circulating for almost a year in the human population, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited major step change its adaptation to humans. These highly mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2 had enhanced rates transmission relative previous variants and were termed 'variants concern' (VOCs). Designated Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta Omicron, VOCs emerged independently from one another, turn each rapidly became dominant, regionally or globally, outcompeting variants. The success VOC previously dominant variant was enabled by altered intrinsic functional properties virus and, various degrees, changes antigenicity conferring ability evade primed immune response. increased fitness associated with is result complex interplay biology context changing immunity due both vaccination prior infection. this Review, we summarize literature on transmissibility variants, role mutations at furin spike cleavage site non-spike proteins, potential importance recombination success, evolution T cells, innate population immunity. shows complicated relationship among antigenicity, virulence, which has unpredictable implications future trajectory disease burden COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

1011
The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons
Kaiming Tao, Philip L. Tzou, Janin Nouhin

et al.

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 757 - 773

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

991
Cellular and humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis on anti-CD20 therapy DOI Creative Commons
Sokratis A. Apostolidis, Mihir Kakara, Mark M. Painter

et al.

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(11), P. 1990 - 2001

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination in healthy individuals generates immune protection against COVID-19. However, little is known about mRNA vaccine-induced responses immunosuppressed patients. We investigated induction of antigen-specific antibody, B cell and T longitudinally patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on anti-CD20 antibody monotherapy (n = 20) compared controls 10) after BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccination. Treatment monoclonal (aCD20) significantly reduced spike-specific receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific memory most patients, an effect ameliorated longer duration from last aCD20 treatment extent reconstitution. By contrast, all MS treated generated CD4 CD8 skewed responses, compromising circulating follicular helper (TFH) augmenting induction, while preserving type 1 (TH1) priming. Patients lacking anti-RBD IgG had the severe defect TFH more robust responses. These data define nature landscape aCD20-treated provide insights into coordinated humans. Our findings have implications for clinical decision-making public health policy including those aCD20.

Language: Английский

Citations

488
Rapid induction of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells is associated with coordinated humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Mark M. Painter, Divij Mathew, Rishi R. Goel

et al.

Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 54(9), P. 2133 - 2142.e3

Published: Aug. 13, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

439
Covid-19 Vaccines — Immunity, Variants, Boosters DOI Open Access
Dan H. Barouch

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 387(11), P. 1011 - 1020

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

T he coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has claimed an estimated 15 million lives, including more than 1 lives in the United States alone.The rapid development of multiple Covid-19 vaccines been a triumph biomedical research, and billions vaccine doses have administered worldwide.Challenges facing field include inequitable distribution, hesitancy, waning immunity, emergence highly transmissible viral variants that partially escape antibodies.This review summarizes current state knowledge about immune responses to importance both humoral cellular immunity for durable protection against severe disease. A nti v ir l Immunit yThe system is broadly divided into innate adaptive systems.Innate are first line defense viruses rapidly triggered when pattern-recognition receptors, such as toll-like recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns.Innate antiviral includes secretion type I interferons, cytokines, certain responses, neutrophils, monocytes macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells. Adaptive second viruses, involve antigen-specific recognition epitopes.Adaptive two complementary branches system: immunity.Humoral acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike protein either neutralize virus or eliminate it through other effector mechanisms. 2,3ellular virus-specific B cells which provide long-term immunologic memory expand on reexposure antigen.B produce antibodies, CD8+ directly virally infected CD4+ help support responses.5][6][7] For variant largely escapes neutralizing may be particularly important longterm

Language: Английский

Citations

389
Seroconversion rates following COVID-19 vaccination among patients with cancer DOI Creative Commons
Astha Thakkar, Jesus D. Gonzalez‐Lugo, Niyati Goradia

et al.

Cancer Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(8), P. 1081 - 1090.e2

Published: June 5, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

341
Humoral and cellular responses to mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in patients with a history of CD20 B-cell-depleting therapy (RituxiVac): an investigator-initiated, single-centre, open-label study DOI Creative Commons
Matthias B. Moor, Franziska Suter‐Riniker, Michael P. Horn

et al.

The Lancet Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3(11), P. e789 - e797

Published: Sept. 7, 2021

B-cell-depleting therapies increase the risk of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Evidence-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies for patients on are scarce. We aimed investigate humoral cell-mediated immune responses mRNA-based vaccines in receiving CD20-targeted agents autoimmune disease, malignancy, or transplantation.The RituxiVac study was an investigator-initiated, single-centre, open-label done at Bern University Hospital (Bern, Switzerland). Patients with a treatment history anti-CD20-depleting (rituximab ocrelizumab) no previous infection were enrolled between April 26 June 30, 2021, analysis (by interferon-γ [IFNγ] release assay) least 4 weeks after completing against SARS-CoV-2. Healthy controls without also All participants received two doses either Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. The primary outcome proportion anti-CD20 who showed response spike protein comparison immunocompetent controls. Prespecified secondary endpoints effect therapy (including time since last cumulative dose) vaccination, biomarkers immunocompetence. This is registered ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04877496.The final population comprised 96 29 median age 67 years (IQR 57-72) 54 (45-62), 51 (53%) 19 (66%) female. 1·07 0·48-2·55) dose depleting agent 2·80 g (1·50-5·00). Anti-spike IgG antibodies detected 47 (49%) 1·79 months 1·16-2·48) second compared (100%) 1·81 (1·17-2·48) (p<0·001). SARS-CoV-2-specific IFNγ 13 (20%) 66 21 (75%) 28 healthy Only nine (14%) double positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses, Time (>7·6 months; predictive value 0·78), peripheral CD19+ cell count (>27 cells per μL; 0·70), CD4+ lymphocyte (>653 0·71) (area under curve [AUC] 67% [95% CI 56-78] therapy, [55-80] count, 66% [54-79] count).This provides further evidence blunted elicited by mRNA CD20 treatment. Lymphocyte subpopulation counts associated this highly vulnerable population. On validation, these results could help guide both administration population.Bern Hospital.

Language: Английский

Citations

204
T cell immunity to COVID-19 vaccines DOI Open Access
E. John Wherry, Dan H. Barouch

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6608), P. 821 - 822

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

T cell immunity may be critical for long-term protection by COVID-19 vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

182
COVID-19 vaccines in patients with cancer: immunogenicity, efficacy and safety DOI Open Access
Annika Fendler, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries, Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel

et al.

Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 385 - 401

Published: March 11, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

179