A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Lockdowns on COVID-19 Mortality II

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Abstract The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to determine the effect lockdowns on COVID-19 mortality based available empirical evidence. Lockdowns are defined as imposition at least one compulsory, non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI). We employ a search screening procedure in which 19,646 studies identified that could potentially address our study. After three levels screening, 32 qualified. Of those, estimates from 22 be converted standardized measures for inclusion meta-analysis. They separated into groups: lockdown stringency index studies, shelter-in-place-order (SIPO) specific NPI studies. Stringency find average Europe United States spring 2020 only reduced by 3.2%. This translates approximately 6,000 avoided deaths 4,000 States. SIPOs were also relatively ineffective 2020, reducing 2.0%. 3,000 Based NPIs, we estimate 10.7%. 23,000 16,000 In comparison, there 72,000 flu 38,000 each year. When checked potential biases, results robust. Our supported natural experiments have been able identify. support conclusion had little no mortality. result consistent with view voluntary changes behavior, such social distancing, did play an important role mitigating pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 381(2257)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Social distancing measures (SDMs) are community-level interventions that aim to reduce person-to-person contacts in the community. SDMs were a major part of responses first contain, then mitigate, spread SARS-CoV-2 Common included limiting size gatherings, closing schools and/or workplaces, implementing work-from-home arrangements, or more stringent restrictions such as lockdowns. This systematic review summarized evidence for effectiveness nine SDMs. Almost all studies observational nature, which meant there intrinsic risks bias could have been avoided conditions randomly assigned study participants. There no instances where only one form SDM had place particular setting during period, making it challenging estimate separate effect each intervention. The stay-at-home orders, on mass gatherings and closures estimated be most effective at reducing transmission. Most this suggested combinations successfully slowed even stopped transmission However, individual effects optimal interventions, well timing measures, require further investigation. article is theme issue 'The non-pharmaceutical COVID-19 pandemic: evidence'.

Language: Английский

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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of other communicable diseases in Japan

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 128, P. 265 - 271

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

To elucidate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on epidemiology other infectious diseases.We investigated 36 communicable diseases during 2015-2021 in Japan and compared number cases each disease between prepandemic (2015-2019) intrapandemic (2020-2021) periods. Relationships incidence were also investigated.Of diseases, 27 (75%) mainly caused by pathogens transmitted droplet or contact was lower than prepandemic, 21 (58%) continued to decrease intrapandemic. The six (17%) higher two (5.6%), Japanese spotted fever syphilis, increase Time trend analyses revealed a positive correlation case numbers pandemic, whereas hand-foot-and-mouth respiratory syncytial virus infection rebounded 2021 after decreasing 2020.The has greatly impacted suggesting that countermeasures against lifestyle changes might be involved these epidemiological changes.

Language: Английский

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School closures during COVID-19: an overview of systematic reviews

BMJ evidence-based medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 164 - 174

Published: March 31, 2023

To assess the benefits and drawbacks of school closures in-school mitigations during COVID-19 pandemic.Overview systematic reviews (SRs).We searched six databases additional resources on 29 July 2022: MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, COVID-END inventory evidence synthesis, Epistemonikos.We selected SRs written in English that answered at least one four specific questions concerning efficacy closures. Their primary studies were conducted secondary schools, including pupils aged 5-18. Interventions included or (such as mask usage) introduced schools.We used AMSTAR 2 to confidence SRs, GRADE was certainty evidence. We performed a narrative synthesis results, prioritising higher-quality those which assessments with more unique studies. also assessed overlap between SRs.Our framework for summarising outcome data guided by following questions: (1) What is impact transmission, morbidity mortality community? (2) mental health (eg, anxiety), physical obesity, domestic violence, sleep) learning/achievement pupils? (3) schools (4) health, pupils?We identified 578 reports, 26 included. One SR high confidence, 0 moderate, 10 low 15 critically confidence. 132 effects transmission/morbidity/mortality, 123 learning, 164 22 16 sleep, 7 violence 69 transmission/morbidity/mortality.Both associated reduced community. School increased anxiety obesity pupils. found no potential The according mostly very low.School had both positive negative impacts. large number However, low, low. assessing children, could be addressed moving forward. This overview provides inform policy makers future waves COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Disappearance and Re-Emergence of Influenza during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Association with Infection Control Measures

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 223 - 223

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, influenza virus had a very low prevalence, and in many areas, outbreaks were almost non-existent. In this study, associations between infection control measures taken for COVID-19 global disappearance of investigated. The detection rate from baseline was investigated during four seasons (12 weeks epidemiological week 49 2020 2021 12 23 2021) each country participating surveillance system World Health Organization. Three control: mask use ratio, social distancing index (an human mobility physical distance obligations), an stringency by authorities studied. mid-2020, most countries analyzed high levels measures, countries, drastically reduced compared to previous years. Multiple regression analyses study data with other seasons. There association all three remaining seasons, (low more contact obligations) two marginal significant rate(in 2020-end-seasons). These results support notion that seasonal is controllable through effective preventive especially those contact, these should be recommended future waves novel infection.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID as a functional somatic symptom disorder caused by abnormally precise prior expectations during Bayesian perceptual processing: A new hypothesis and implications for pandemic response

SAGE Open Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review proposes a model of Long-COVID where the constellation symptoms are in fact genuinely experienced persistent physical that usually functional nature and therefore potentially reversible, is, is somatic symptom disorder. First, we describe what currently known about children adults. Second, examine reported “Long-Pandemic” effects create risk for similar to develop non-COVID-19 patients. Third, was somatization disorder before COVID-19 pandemic, suggest by analogy, may best be conceptualized as one these disorders, with predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating factors. Fourth, phenomenon mass sociogenic (functional) illness, concept nocebo effects, compatible descriptions. Fifth, current theoretical mechanism underlying Bayesian predictive coding perception. accounts moderators can make inferences functionally inaccurate explain how understand common Finally, discuss implications this framework improved public health messaging during recommendations management healthcare systems. We argue approach has induced fear population, including from constant disabling theorizing irreversible tissue damage cause Long-COVID. created self-fulfilling prophecy inducing very factors syndrome. introduce term “Pandemic-Response Syndrome” previously labeled alternative perspective aims stimulate research serve lesson learned avoid repeat performance future.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Seasonality and Public-Health Interventions on the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northern Europe

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 334 - 334

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

Most government efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic revolved around non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and vaccination. However, many respiratory diseases show distinctive seasonal trends. In this manuscript, we examined contribution of these three factors progression pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Unintended Consequences of COVID-19 Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) for Population Health and Health Inequalities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 5223 - 5223

Published: March 23, 2023

Since the start of COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, governments around world have adopted an array measures intended to control transmission SARS-CoV-2 virus, using both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). NPIs are public health that do not rely on vaccines or medicines include policies such as lockdowns, stay-at-home orders, school closures, travel restrictions. Although intention was slow viral transmission, emerging research indicates these also had unintended consequences for other aspects health. Hence, we conducted a narrative review studies investigating NPIs, with particular emphasis mental lifestyle risk factors non-communicable diseases (NCD): physical activity (PA), overweight obesity, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking. We reviewed scientific literature combinations search terms ‘COVID-19′, ‘pandemic’, ‘lockdowns’, ‘mental health’, ‘physical activity’, ‘obesity’. were found considerable adverse health, activity, obesity. The impacts consumption varied greatly within between studies. variability different groups implies increased inequalities by age, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, pre-existing lifestyle, place residence. In conclusion, proper assessment use attempts spread should be weighed against potential Our findings relevance future preparedness response teams.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in the School Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 5384 - 5384

Published: April 28, 2022

The contribution of children to viral spread in schools is still debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis studies investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission the school setting. Literature searches on 15 May 2021 yielded total 1088 publications, including screening, contact tracing, seroprevalence studies. MOOSE guidelines were followed, data analyzed using random-effects models. From screening involving more than 120,000 subjects, we estimated 0.31% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05–0.81) point prevalence schools. Contact tracing studies, 112,622 contacts adults, showed that onward was limited (2.54%, 95% CI 0.76–5.31). Young index cases found be 74% significantly less likely adults favor (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 0.11–0.63) susceptible infection (OR 0.60; 0.25–1.47). Lastly, from with 17,879 subjects involved, 43% test positive for antibodies 0.57, 0.49–0.68). These findings may not applied Omicron phase, further planned randomized controlled trial verify these results.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic disparities in the reopening of schools during the pandemic in Chile

International Journal of Educational Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 100, P. 102805 - 102805

Published: May 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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