Nationwide health, socio-economic and genetic predictors of COVID-19 vaccination status in Finland

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(7), P. 1069 - 1083

Published: April 20, 2023

Abstract Understanding factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination can highlight issues in public health systems. Using machine learning, we considered the effects of 2,890 health, socio-economic and demographic entire Finnish population aged 30–80 genome-wide information from 273,765 individuals. The strongest predictors status were labour income medication purchase history. Mental conditions having unvaccinated first-degree relatives reduced vaccination. A prediction model combining all achieved good discrimination (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.801; 95% confidence interval, 0.799–0.803). 1% individuals highest predicted risk not vaccinating had an observed rate 18.8%, compared 90.3% study population. We identified eight genetic loci uptake derived a polygenic score, which was weak predictor independent subset. Our results suggest that at higher suffering worst consequences are also less likely to vaccinate.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological drivers of transmissibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 in England

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 17, 2023

Abstract As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic progressed, distinct variants emerged and dominated in England. These variants, Wildtype, Alpha, Delta, Omicron were characterized by variations transmissibility severity. We used a robust mathematical model Bayesian inference framework to analyse epidemiological surveillance data from quantified impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), therapeutics, vaccination on virus transmission Each successive variant had higher intrinsic transmissibility. (BA.1) highest basic reproduction number at 8.4 (95% credible interval (CrI) 7.8-9.1). Varying levels NPIs crucial controlling until population immunity accumulated. Immune escape properties decreased effective third. Furthermore, contrast previous studies, we found Alpha infection fatality ratio (3.0%, 95% CrI 2.8-3.2), followed Delta (2.1%, 1.9–2.4), Wildtype (1.2%, 1.1–1.2), (0.7%, 0.6-0.8). Our findings highlight importance continued surveillance. Long-term strategies for monitoring maintaining against are critical inform role effectively manage future with potentially severe outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Effect of SARS-CoV-2 prior infection and mRNA vaccination on contagiousness and susceptibility to infection

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

The immunity conferred by SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and infections reduces the transmission of virus. To answer how effect is shared between a reduction infectiousness an increased protection against infection, we examined >50,000 positive cases >110,000 contacts from Geneva, Switzerland (June 2020 to March 2022). We assessed association secondary attack rate (i.e. proportion new among contacts) natural infection and/or vaccination, stratifying per four variants adjusting for index contacts' socio-demographic characteristics propensity be tested. Here show that protected rather than reducing cases. Natural strongest immunity. Hybrid did not surpass recent infection. Although smaller amplitude, in due vaccination was less affected time emergence susceptibility These findings support role vaccine underscore complementary interventions propagation, such as mask use or indoor ventilation.

Language: Английский

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Evidence of leaky protection following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection in an incarcerated population

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

Abstract Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines confer exposure-dependent (“leaky”) protection against remains unknown. We examined the effect of prior infection, vaccination, hybrid immunity on risk among residents Connecticut correctional facilities during periods predominant Omicron Delta transmission. Residents with cell, cellblock, no documented exposure to infected were matched by facility date. During period, reduced without a (HR: 0.36 [0.25–0.54]; 0.57 [0.42–0.78]; 0.24 [0.15–0.39]; respectively) cellblock exposures (0.61 [0.49–0.75]; 0.69 [0.58–0.83]; 0.41 [0.31–0.55]; but not cell (0.89 [0.58–1.35]; 0.96 [0.64–1.46]; 0.80 [0.46–1.39]; respectively). Associations similar period when analyses restricted tested residents. Although associations may have been thoroughly adjusted due dataset limitations, findings suggest that vaccination be leaky, highlighting potential benefits pairing non-pharmaceutical interventions in crowded settings.

Language: Английский

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Comparing frequency of booster vaccination to prevent severe COVID-19 by risk group in the United States

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 6, 2024

Abstract There is a public health need to understand how different frequencies of COVID-19 booster vaccines may mitigate the risk severe COVID-19, while accounting for waning protection and differential by age immune status. By analyzing United States surveillance seroprevalence data in microsimulation model, here we show that more frequent vaccination (every 6–12 months) older groups immunocompromised population would effectively reduce burden boosters younger only provide modest benefit against disease. In persons 75+ years, model estimated annual absolute 199 (uncertainty interval: 183–232) cases per 100,000 persons, compared one-time vaccination. contrast, 18–49 this 14 (10–19) persons. Those with prior infection had lower boosting, larger benefit. Scenarios emerging variants evasion increased variant-targeted boosters. This study underscores considering key factors inform frequency guidance ensuring at least high-risk populations.

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics analysis reveals COVID-19 vaccine induced attenuation of inflammatory responses during breakthrough disease

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract The immune mechanisms mediating COVID-19 vaccine attenuation of remain undescribed. We conducted comprehensive analyses detailing responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus in blood post-vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or a placebo. Samples from randomised placebo-controlled trials (NCT04324606 and NCT04400838) were taken at baseline, onset COVID-19-like symptoms, 7 days later, confirming using nucleic amplification test (NAAT test) via real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Serum cytokines measured multiplexed immunoassays. transcriptome was analysed long, short small RNA sequencing. found inflammatory signatures compared placebo vaccinees reduced levels serum proteins associated severity. KREMEN1 , putative alternative receptor, downregulated vaccinees. Vaccination ameliorates reductions cell counts across leukocyte populations platelets noted onset, without inducing potentially deleterious Th2-skewed responses. Multi-omics integration links global reduction miRNA expression increased pro-inflammatory the mRNA level. This study reveals insights into role vaccines mitigating disease severity by abrogating severe COVID-19, affirming vaccine-mediated benefit breakthrough infection, highlighting importance clinically relevant endpoints evaluation.

Language: Английский

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Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development

ImmunoHorizons, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 214 - 226

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing spread COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by emergence new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution created a demand for persistent vaccine development. Spike protein has primary target COVID-19 development, but it is also hotspot mutations directly involved host susceptibility virus immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants select conserved epitopes critical development broadly neutralizing therapy or universal vaccine. In this article, we review general paradigm responses vaccines, highlighting immunological that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from humans. Specifically, analyze structural evolutionary characteristics related activation function via TLRs, B cells, T cells. We aim provide comprehensive analysis protein, thereby contributing strategies broad neutralization vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Strength and durability of indirect protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection through vaccine and infection-acquired immunity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Abstract Early investigation revealed a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among social contacts COVID-19 vaccinated individuals, referred to as indirect protection. However, protection from infection-acquired immunity and its comparative strength durability vaccine-derived in the current epidemiologic context high levels vaccination, prior infection, novel variants are not well characterized. Here, we show that both independently yield close with key differences their waning. Analyzing anonymized surveillance data 9,625 residents California state prisons December 2021 2022, find against Omicron is strongest within three months vaccination [30% (95% confidence interval: 20–38%)] subsequent modest Infection-acquired provides 38% (24–50%) for 6 after moderate persisting over one year. Variant-targeted vaccines (bivalent formulation including subvariants BA.4/BA.5) confer strong at least [40% (3–63%)]. These results demonstrate can reduce transmission which important understanding long-term dynamics guide public health intervention, especially high-risk environments such prisons.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 before and after Omicron: two different viruses and two different diseases?

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 10, 2023

For the first time in history of medicine, it has been possible to describe-after a spillover-the evolution new human virus spreading non-immune population. This allowed not only observe subsequent emersion variants endowed with features providing an evolutionary advantage, but also shift pathways replication and acquisition immunoevasive features. These characteristics had remarkable influence on diffusion SARS-CoV-2 clinical presentation prognosis COVID-19, aspects that are described commented this review.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Mimicry of the Viral Spike in the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Possibly Triggers Transient Dysregulation of ACE2, Leading to Vascular and Coagulation Dysfunction Similar to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1045 - 1045

Published: April 25, 2023

The benefits of SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccines are well known, including a significant decline in COVID-19 morbidity and decrease the mortality rate infected persons. However, pharmacovigilance studies have revealed existence rare cases cardiovascular complications after mass vaccination using such formulations. Cases high blood pressure also been reported but were rarely documented under perfectly controlled medical supervision. press release these warning signals triggered huge debate over vaccines’ safety. Thereby, our attention was quickly focused on issues involving risk myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, hypertension thrombosis. Rare undesirable post-vaccine pathophysiological phenomena should question us, especially when they occur young subjects. They more likely to with inappropriate use vaccine (e.g., at time immune response is already very active during low-noise infection process healing), leading angiotensin II (Ang II) induced inflammation triggering tissue damage. Such harmful effects observed evoke possible molecular mimicry viral transiently dysregulating converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) function. Although benefit/risk ratio favorable, it seems reasonable suggest surveillance patients history diseases who receive vaccine.

Language: Английский

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