Over-reliance on English hinders cognitive science

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(12), P. 1153 - 1170

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

English is the dominant language in study of human cognition and behavior: individuals studied by cognitive scientists, as well most scientists themselves, are frequently speakers. However, differs from other languages ways that have consequences for whole sciences, reaching far beyond itself. Here, we review an emerging body evidence highlights how particular characteristics linguistic habits speakers bias field both warping research programs (e.g., overemphasizing features mechanisms present over others) overgeneralizing observations speakers' behaviors, brains, to our entire species. We propose mitigating strategies could help avoid some these pitfalls.

Language: Английский

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Probabilistic atlas for the language network based on precision fMRI data from >800 individuals

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 29, 2022

Abstract Two analytic traditions characterize fMRI language research. One relies on averaging activations across individuals. This approach has limitations: because of inter-individual variability in the locations areas, any given voxel/vertex a common brain space is part network some individuals but others, may belong to distinct network. An alternative identifying areas each individual using functional ‘localizer’. Because its greater sensitivity, resolution, and interpretability, localization gaining popularity, it not always feasible, cannot be applied retroactively past studies. To bridge these disjoint approaches, we created probabilistic atlas data for an extensively validated localizer 806 enables estimating probability that location belongs network, thus can help interpret group-level activation peaks lesion locations, or select voxels/electrodes analysis. More meaningful comparisons findings studies should increase robustness replicability

Language: Английский

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The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 289 - 312

Published: April 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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Large-scale analysis of structural brain asymmetries in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 28, 2023

Left–right asymmetry is an important organizing feature of the healthy brain that may be altered in schizophrenia, but most studies have used relatively small samples and heterogeneous approaches, resulting equivocal findings. We carried out largest case–control study structural asymmetries with MRI data from 5,080 affected individuals 6,015 controls across 46 datasets, using a single image analysis protocol. Asymmetry indexes were calculated for global regional cortical thickness, surface area, subcortical volume measures. Differences between per dataset, effect sizes meta-analyzed datasets. Small average differences observed thickness rostral anterior cingulate middle temporal gyrus, both driven by thinner left-hemispheric cortices schizophrenia. Analyses these respect to use antipsychotic medication other clinical variables did not show any significant associations. Assessment age- sex-specific effects revealed stronger leftward pallidum older cases controls. Case–control multivariate context assessed subset (N = 2,029), which 7% variance all was explained status. Subtle macrostructural reflect at molecular, cytoarchitectonic, or circuit levels functional relevance disorder. Reduced left consistent left-hemisphere language network organization

Language: Английский

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Homotopic local-global parcellation of the human cerebral cortex from resting-state functional connectivity

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 273, P. 120010 - 120010

Published: March 12, 2023

Resting-state fMRI is commonly used to derive brain parcellations, which are widely for dimensionality reduction and interpreting human neuroscience studies. We previously developed a model that integrates local global approaches estimating areal-level cortical parcellations. The resulting local-global parcellations often referred as the Schaefer However, lack of homotopic correspondence between left right parcels has limited their use lateralization Here, we extend our previous Using resting-fMRI task-fMRI across diverse scanners, acquisition protocols, preprocessing demographics, show homogeneous while being more than five publicly available Furthermore, weaker correlations associated with greater in resting network organization, well language motor task activation. Finally, agree boundaries number areas estimated from histology visuotopic fMRI, capturing sub-areal (e.g., somatotopic visuotopic) features. Overall, these results suggest represent neurobiologically meaningful subdivisions cerebral cortex will be useful resource future Multi-resolution 1479 participants (https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/tree/master/stable_projects/brain_parcellation/Yan2023_homotopic).

Language: Английский

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The human language system, including its inferior frontal component in “Broca’s area,” does not support music perception

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 7904 - 7929

Published: April 1, 2023

Language and music are two human-unique capacities whose relationship remains debated. Some have argued for overlap in processing mechanisms, especially structure processing. Such claims often concern the inferior frontal component of language system located within "Broca's area." However, others failed to find overlap. Using a robust individual-subject fMRI approach, we examined responses brain regions stimuli, probed musical abilities individuals with severe aphasia. Across 4 experiments, obtained clear answer: perception does not engage system, judgments about possible even presence damage network. In particular, regions' generally low, below fixation baseline, never exceed elicited by nonmusic auditory conditions, like animal sounds. Furthermore, sensitive structure: they show low both intact structure-scrambled music, melodies vs. without structural violations. Finally, line past patient investigations, aphasia, who cannot judge sentence grammaticality, perform well on melody well-formedness judgments. Thus, mechanisms that process do appear including syntax.

Language: Английский

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Language and the left hemisphere

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 129 - 165

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Driving and suppressing the human language network using large language models

Nature Human Behaviour, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 544 - 561

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advances in Neuroimaging and Deep Learning for Emotion Detection: A Systematic Review of Cognitive Neuroscience and Algorithmic Innovations

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 456 - 456

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Background/Objectives: The following systematic review integrates neuroimaging techniques with deep learning approaches concerning emotion detection. It, therefore, aims to merge cognitive neuroscience insights advanced algorithmic methods in pursuit of an enhanced understanding and applications recognition. Methods: study was conducted PRISMA guidelines, involving a rigorous selection process that resulted the inclusion 64 empirical studies explore modalities such as fMRI, EEG, MEG, discussing their capabilities limitations It further evaluates architectures, including neural networks, CNNs, GANs, terms roles classifying emotions from various domains: human-computer interaction, mental health, marketing, more. Ethical practical challenges implementing these systems are also analyzed. Results: identifies fMRI powerful but resource-intensive modality, while EEG MEG more accessible high temporal resolution limited by spatial accuracy. Deep models, especially CNNs have performed well emotions, though they do not always require large diverse datasets. Combining data behavioral features improves classification performance. However, ethical challenges, privacy bias, remain significant concerns. Conclusions: has emphasized efficiencies detection, technical were highlighted. Future research should integrate advances, establish innovative enhance system reliability applicability.

Language: Английский

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Cross-hemispheric communication: Insights on lateralized brain functions

Neuron, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(8), P. 1222 - 1234

Published: March 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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