Theoretical and Natural Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37(1), P. 144 - 157
Published: June 3, 2024
The
sleep
and
arousal,
or
the
vigilance
state,
is
controlled
by
a
highly
dynamic
brain
system
that
involves
numerous
interconnected
circuits.
However,
while
many
reviews
presented
anatomical
bases
of
how
different
components
area
contribute
to
states,
less
attention
paid
from
perspective
neurotransmitters.
As
multiple
neuronal
populations
could
exist
express
in
same
area,
attributing
effect
areas
on
arousal
would
not
be
precise
without
consideration
act
This
review
summarizes
recent
progress
neurotransmitters
affect
states.
By
doing
so,
this
aims
provide
an
alternative
angle
understanding
state
regulated
brain.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: July 23, 2024
Abstract
Study
objectives
Brief
sleep
loss
alters
cognition
and
synaptic
structures
of
principal
neurons
in
hippocampus
neocortex.
However,
while
vivo
recording
bioinformatic
data
suggest
that
inhibitory
interneurons
are
more
strongly
affected
by
loss,
it
is
unclear
how
deprivation
affect
interneurons’
synapses.
Disruption
the
SST+
interneuron
population
seems
to
be
a
critical
early
sign
neuropathology
Alzheimer’s
dementia,
schizophrenia,
bipolar
disorder
-
risk
developing
all
three
increased
habitual
loss.
We
aimed
test
various
brain
regions
brief
disruption.
Methods
used
Brainbow
3.0
label
dorsal
hippocampus,
prefrontal
cortex,
visual
cortex
male
SST-CRE
transgenic
mice,
then
compared
labeled
after
6-h
period
ad
lib
sleep,
or
gentle
handling
(SD)
starting
at
lights
on.
Results
Dendritic
spine
density
among
both
neocortex
was
altered
subregion-specific
manner,
with
overall
thin
CA1,
dramatic
increases
volume
surface
area
CA3,
small
but
significant
changes
(primarily
decreases)
size
PFC
V1.
Conclusions
Our
connectivity
significantly
region-specific
manner
few
hours
This
suggests
cell
type-specific
mechanism
which
disrupts
excitatory-inhibitory
balance
networks.
Significance
Statement
Changes
function
somatostatin-expressing
(SST+)
have
been
implicated
etiology
psychiatric
neurological
disorders
behavior
affected.
Here,
we
measure
effects
very
experimental
on
neocortex,
for
sleep-dependent
memory
processing.
find
only
six
restructures
dendritic
spines,
causing
widespread
size.
These
potential
dramatically
alter
across
these
networks,
leading
cognitive
disruptions
commonly
associated
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(17), P. 2943 - 2943
Published: Sept. 2, 2024
Insomnia
is
a
common
sleep
disorder
that
significantly
impacts
individuals’
quality
and
daily
life.
Recent
studies
have
suggested
gut
microbiota
may
influence
through
various
metabolic
pathways.
This
study
aims
to
explore
the
causal
relationships
between
abundance
of
pathways
insomnia
using
Mendelian
randomization
(MR)
analysis.
two-sample
MR
used
genetic
data
from
OpenGWAS
database
(205
bacterial
pathway
abundance)
FinnGen
(insomnia-related
data).
We
identified
single
nucleotide
polymorphisms
(SNPs)
associated
with
as
instrumental
variables
(IVs)
ensured
their
validity
stringent
selection
criteria
control
measures.
The
primary
analysis
employed
inverse
variance-weighted
(IVW)
method,
supplemented
by
other
methods,
estimate
effects.
revealed
significant
positive
effects
specific
carbohydrate,
amino
acid,
metabolism
on
insomnia.
Key
pathways,
such
gluconeogenesis
(GLUCONEO.PWY)
TCA
cycle
VII
acetate
producers
(PWY.7254),
showed
associations
(B
>
0,
p
<
0.05).
Conversely,
like
hexitol
fermentation
lactate,
formate,
ethanol
(P461.PWY)
exhibited
negative
Multivariable
confirmed
independent
these
(p
Sensitivity
analyses
indicated
no
pleiotropy
or
heterogeneity,
ensuring
robustness
results.
identifies
play
critical
roles
in
development
These
findings
provide
new
insights
into
biological
mechanisms
underlying
suggest
potential
targets
for
therapeutic
interventions.
Future
research
should
further
validate
how
modulating
its
products
can
effectively
improve
symptoms,
leading
more
personalized
precise
treatment
strategies.
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: Nov. 14, 2024
The
hypothalamus
has
been
recognized
as
a
core
structure
in
the
sleep-wake
cycle.
However,
whether
neuroplasticity
of
is
involved
acupuncture
treatment
insomnia
remains
elusive.
We
recruited
42
patients
with
chronic
disorder
(CID)
and
23
matched
healthy
controls
(HCs),
CID
randomly
assigned
to
receive
real
(RA)
or
sham
(SA)
for
four
weeks.
Insomnia
severity
was
evaluated
using
Pittsburgh
Sleep
Quality
Index
(PSQI)
score,
resting-state
functional
connectivity
(rsFC)
assessed
via
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI).
In
cross-sectional
investigation,
showed
increased
rsFC
between
medial
(MH)
left
lateral
orbital
frontal
cortex
(LOFC),
bilateral
(MOFC)
compared
HCs.
longitudinal
experiment,
PSQI
scores
significantly
decreased
RA
group
(p
=
0.03)
but
not
SA
group.
Interestingly,
MH-LOFC
found
be
reduced
following
treatment.
addition,
altered
correlated
clinical
improvement
(r
-0.692,
p
0.006).
This
randomized
neuroimaging
study
provides
preliminary
evidence
that
may
improve
symptoms
by
restoring
circuits
associated
hypothalamic
subregions.
trial
registered
on
Chinese
Clinical
Trial
Registry
(
www.chictr.org.cn
)
identifier
(ChiCTR1800017092).
Registered
date:
11/07/2018.
Theoretical and Natural Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
37(1), P. 144 - 157
Published: June 3, 2024
The
sleep
and
arousal,
or
the
vigilance
state,
is
controlled
by
a
highly
dynamic
brain
system
that
involves
numerous
interconnected
circuits.
However,
while
many
reviews
presented
anatomical
bases
of
how
different
components
area
contribute
to
states,
less
attention
paid
from
perspective
neurotransmitters.
As
multiple
neuronal
populations
could
exist
express
in
same
area,
attributing
effect
areas
on
arousal
would
not
be
precise
without
consideration
act
This
review
summarizes
recent
progress
neurotransmitters
affect
states.
By
doing
so,
this
aims
provide
an
alternative
angle
understanding
state
regulated
brain.
