Pathogens and planetary change

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Emerging infectious diseases, biodiversity loss, and anthropogenic environmental change are interconnected crises with massive social ecological costs. In this Review, we discuss how pathogens parasites responding to global change, the implications for pandemic prevention conservation. Ecological evolutionary principles help explain why both pandemics wildlife die-offs becoming more common; land-use loss often followed by an increase in zoonotic vector-borne diseases; some species, such as bats, host so many emerging pathogens. To prevent next pandemic, scientists should focus on monitoring limiting spread of a handful high-risk viruses, especially at key interfaces farms live-animal markets. But address much broader set disease risks associated Anthropocene, decision-makers will need develop comprehensive strategies that include pathogen surveillance across species ecosystems; conservation-based interventions reduce human–animal contact protect health; health system strengthening; improvements epidemic preparedness response. Scientists can contribute these efforts filling gaps data, expanding evidence base disease–driver relationships interventions. This Review explores relationship between diseases connected changes Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the ecological and climate crisis: emerging infections threatening human health

Acta Tropica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 107531 - 107531

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The Anthropocene era is marked by unprecedented human-induced alterations to the environment, resulting in a climate emergency and widespread ecological deterioration. A staggering number of up one million species plants animals are danger becoming extinct, which includes over 10% insect 40% plant species. Unrestrained release greenhouse gases, deforestation, intense agricultural practices, excessive fishing, land use have exceeded boundaries that were once responsible for humanity's wellbeing. As per Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), existing policies expected result minimum rise global temperature +2°C, with more recent assessments indicating potential increase +2.9°C. effects change degradation formation diseases complex multiple aspects. Deforestation diminishes biodiversity compels wildlife come into greater proximity humans, hence promoting transmission zoonotic diseases. intensifies these impacts modifying habitats disease carrying organisms, expansion vector-borne such as malaria, dengue, Zika virus previously unaffected areas. Furthermore, amplifies occurrence severity extreme weather phenomena, undermines water, sanitation, hygiene (WASH) practices. This creates an environment conducive waterborne cholera densely populated resettlement camps. Climate-induced disasters contribute complexity epidemiological landscapes, exacerbating antimicrobial resistance posing threat modern medical advancements. narrative review investigates connections between ecological-climatic crises emerging illnesses, offering overview how environmental changes outbreaks pose substantial public health.

Language: Английский

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Role of Spillover and Spillback in SARS-CoV-2 Transmission and the Importance of One Health in Understanding the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(7)

Published: April 26, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is notable both for its impact on global public health as well well-publicized transmissibility to other species of animals. Infection incidental animal hosts concerning because possible emergence novel variants due viral mutation. Species that are susceptible SARS-CoV-2 include domestic and nondomestic cats, dogs, white-tailed deer, mink, golden hamsters, among others. We detail origins transmission humans, the ecological molecular mechanisms needed virus establish infection in humans from highlight examples spillover, spillback, secondary demonstrating breadth variability current events have been documented domestic, captive, wild Lastly, we turn our focus importance potential reservoirs sources variant can profound effects human population. note a One Health approach emphasizing surveillance animals certain environments using interdisciplinary collaboration encouraged manage disease surveillance, regulation trade testing, vaccine development will mitigate further outbreaks. These efforts minimize spread advance knowledge prevent future emerging infectious diseases.

Language: Английский

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SARS-ANI: a global open access dataset of reported SARS-CoV-2 events in animals

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 23, 2022

Abstract The zoonotic origin of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent COVID-19, is not yet fully resolved. Although natural infections in animals are reported a wide range species, large knowledge and data gaps remain regarding SARS-CoV-2 animal hosts. We used two major health databases to extract unstructured generated global dataset events animals. presents harmonized host names, integrates relevant epidemiological clinical on each event, readily usable for analytical purposes. also share code technical visual validation created user-friendly dashboard exploration. Data occurrence critical adapting monitoring strategies, preventing formation reservoirs, tailoring future human vaccination programs. FAIRness flexibility will support research efforts at human-animal-environment interface. intend update this weekly least one year and, through collaborations, develop it further expand its use.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 infection in brown-headed spider monkeys ( Ateles fusciceps ) at a wildlife rescue center on the coast of Ecuador—South America

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Human populations can be affected in unpredictable ways by the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic was a reminder how devastating these events if left unchecked. However, once they have globally, impact diseases when entering non-exposed wildlife is unknown. current study reports infection brown-headed spider monkeys ( Ateles fusciceps ) at rescue center Ecuador. Four were hospitalized, all tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) RT-qPCR (Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR). Fecal samples n = 12) from also positive; three zookeepers responsible feeding deworming positive, suggesting human-animal transmission. Whole genome sequencing identified most samples’ omicron clade 22B BA.5 lineage. These findings highlight threat posed an emerging species importance preventing spillover spillback during epidemic or events. IMPORTANCE Although has been primarily contained humans through widespread vaccination, incidence coronavirus) its transmission epidemiology may need to addressed. In some natural environments, proximity animals difficult control, creating perfect scenarios where susceptible acquire virus humans. places, it essential understand occur develop protocols prevent infection. This with SARS-CoV-2, red-listed monkey species, recovery indicating potential between primates such future.

Language: Английский

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A One Health Investigation into H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Epizootics on Two Dairy Farms

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 10, 2024

In early April 2024 we studied two Texas dairy farms which had suffered incursions of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) the previous month.

Language: Английский

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A One Health Investigation into H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Epizootics on Two Dairy Farms

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Background In early April 2024 we studied two Texas dairy farms which had suffered incursions of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) the previous month. Methods We employed molecular assays, cell and egg culture, Sanger next generation sequencing to isolate characterize viruses from multiple farm specimens (cow nasal swab, milk specimens, fecal slurry, a dead bird). Results detected HPAIV in 64% (9/14) 2.6% (1/39) cattle swab none 17 worker nasopharyngeal specimens. cultured characterized eight H5N1-positive next-generation revealed were closely related into other recent epizootic strains clade 2.3.4.4b. Our isolates mutations associated with increased spillover potential. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 sick cow. Additionally, 14.3% (2/14) workers who donated sera recently symptomatic elevated neutralizing antibodies against strain. Conclusions While our sampling was limited, these data offer additional insight large thus far has impacted at least 96 twelve US states. Due fears that research might damage businesses, studies like this one have been few. need find ways work collecting more comprehensive epidemiological are necessary for design future interventions on farms.

Language: Английский

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Using drivers and transmission pathways to identify SARS-like coronavirus spillover risk hotspots

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

The emergence of SARS-like coronaviruses is a multi-stage process from wildlife reservoirs to people. Here we characterize multiple drivers-landscape change, host distribution, and human exposure-associated with the risk spillover zoonotic help inform surveillance mitigation activities. We consider direct indirect transmission pathways by modeling four scenarios livestock mammalian as potential known before examining how access healthcare varies within clusters scenarios. found 19 differing factor contributions single country (N = 9) or transboundary 10). High-risk areas were mainly closer (11-20%) rather than far ( < 1%) healthcare. Areas reveal inequalities, especially Scenario 3, which includes wild mammals not secondary hosts. China 2) Indonesia 1) had highest risk. Our findings can stakeholders in land use planning, integrating implementation One Health actions.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 as a Zooanthroponotic Infection: Spillbacks, Secondary Spillovers, and Their Importance

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2166 - 2166

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

In the midst of a persistent pandemic probable zoonotic origin, one needs to constantly evaluate interplay SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2) with animal populations. Animals can get infected from humans, and certain species, including mink white-tailed deer, exhibit considerable animal-to-animal transmission resulting in potential endemicity, mutation pressure, possible secondary spillover humans. We attempt comprehensive review available data on species by SARS-CoV-2, as presented scientific literature official reports relevant organizations. further lessons humans should learn outbreaks, deer zoo threat for conservation, implication rodents evolution novel variants such Omicron, role pets reservoirs virus. Finally, we outline need broader approach epidemics, general, incorporating principles One Health Planetary Health.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between Humans and Dogs during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recent Updates and Future Perspectives

Animals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 524 - 524

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

COVID-19 is one of the deadliest epidemics. This pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but role dogs in spreading disease human society poorly understood. review sheds light on limited susceptibility to infections which likely attributed relatively low levels angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) tract and phylogenetic distance ACE2 from receptor. The affect binding affinity between spike proteins resulting it being uncommon for spread disease. To demonstrate COVID-19, we reviewed epidemiological studies prevalence SARS-CoV-2 dogs. Additionally, discussed use detection as a rapid reliable method effectively discriminating infected non-infected individuals using different types samples (secretions, saliva, sweat). We considered available information human–dog interfaces involving possibility transmission vice versa, behavior changes, importance preventive measures because risk domestic remains concern.

Language: Английский

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