Modelling COVID-19 mutant dynamics: understanding the interplay between viral evolution and disease transmission dynamics DOI Creative Commons
Fernando Saldaña, Nico Stollenwerk, Maíra Aguiar

et al.

Royal Society Open Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Understanding virus mutations is critical for shaping public health interventions. These lead to complex multi-strain dynamics often under-represented in models. Aiming understand the factors influencing variants' fitness and evolution, we explore several scenarios of spreading gain qualitative insight into dictating which variants ultimately predominate at population level. To this end, propose a two-strain stochastic model that accounts asymptomatic transmission, possibility disease import. We find with milder symptoms are likely spread faster than those severe symptoms. This because can prompt affected individuals seek medical help earlier, potentially leading quicker identification isolation cases. However, or cases may more widely, making it harder control spread. Therefore, increased transmissibility still result higher hospitalizations fatalities due widespread infection. The proposed highlights interplay between viral evolution transmission dynamics. Offering nuanced view variant spread, provides foundation further investigation mitigating strategies

Language: Английский

Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses DOI Creative Commons
Fusheng Si,

Ruisong Yu,

Shijuan Dong

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 330 - 330

Published: March 19, 2024

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large class of positively stranded RNA viruses that pose significant threat to public health, livestock farming, and wild animals. These have the ability cross species barriers cause devastating epidemics. Animals considered be intermediate hosts for many coronaviruses, animal coronaviruses also potential cross-species transmission humans. Therefore, controlling epidemic is great importance human health. Vaccination programs proven effective in infections, offering cost-effective approach reducing morbidity mortality, so re-emergence lethal emphasizes urgent need development vaccines. In this regard, we explore progress coronavirus vaccine development, covering latest taxonomy main spillover events, diverse platforms, targets primary challenges facing We emphasize create “dual-effect” capable eliciting both cellular humoral immune responses. The goal highlight contributions veterinary scientists field interdisciplinary collaboration between medical communities. By promoting communication cooperation, can enhance novel super vaccines combat infections future.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
The Lancet–PPATS Commission on Prevention of Viral Spillover: reducing the risk of pandemics through primary prevention DOI
Neil M. Vora, Latiffah Hassan, Raina K. Plowright

et al.

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 403(10427), P. 597 - 599

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Natalie M. Kirk, Yuying Liang, Hinh Ly

et al.

Virulence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development novel vaccines therapeutics. The goal this review is to summarize our current understanding pathogenesis disease 2019 (COVID-19) be observed several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these SARS-CoV-2 infection help inform appropriate model selection for modelling as well vaccine therapeutic developments.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in lions, tigers, and hyenas at Denver Zoo DOI Creative Commons
Emily N. Gallichotte, Laura Bashor,

Katelyn Erbeck

et al.

mSphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 spilled over from an animal host into humans, where it efficiently spread, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Through both natural and experimental infections, we learned that many species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, animals close proximity including companion, farmed, those at zoos aquariums, became infected, studies demonstrated transmission to/from humans these settings. this study, first review literature of infections tigers lions compare species, sex, age, virus antibody detection assay, types, frequency, length clinical signs, demonstrating broad heterogeneity among infections. We then describe a outbreak lions, tigers, hyenas Denver Zoo 2021. Animals were tested for viral RNA (vRNA) 4 months. Lions had significantly more vRNA nasal swabs than hyenas, individual experienced recrudescence after weeks undetectable vRNA. Infectious was correlated with high levels likely be detected earlier during infection. Four months post-infection, all generated robust neutralizing titers. infected Delta lineage AY.20 identical variant circulating less 1% Colorado time, suggesting single spillover event human spread within between housed zoo. Better understanding epidemiology susceptibility is critical limit current future protect health. IMPORTANCE Surveillance testing have shown wildlife, conservatory, Early pandemic, big cats zoological institutions documented cases naturally animals; however, challenges ability collect longitudinal samples zoo limited our kinetics clearance measured RNA, infectious virus, antibodies, initial clearance. found longer higher compared other species. All by rare population, followed interspecies transmission. These data important better spillover, infection multiple animals.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Evolving Landscape of Emerging Virus Diagnosis: Challenges and Innovations DOI
Anoop Kumar,

Supriya Saini,

Anupkumar R. Anvikar

et al.

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Infectious diseases in the anthropocene DOI
John H. Neddermeyer, Jeffrey T. Foster

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
WILDLIFE SENTINEL: DEVELOPMENT OF MULTISPECIES PROTEIN A-ELISA FOR DETECTION OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES IN ZOO ANIMALS AS A PROOF OF CONCEPT FOR WILDLIFE SURVEILLANCE DOI
Jignesh Italiya, Petra Straková,

Lukáš Pavlačík

et al.

Journal of Wildlife Diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(2)

Published: May 16, 2025

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread worldwide. During course of COVID-19 pandemic, numerous reports highlighted infections wild animals SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, further research is required to understand virus potential infect various animal species, which crucial for evaluating its future evolution reemergence The total concentration immunoglobulin G (IgG) represents a valuable yet underused diagnostic parameter health assessments animals, primarily due absence effective tools. A protein A-based indirect ELISA can serve as an efficient method identify IgG antibodies against different pathogens wildlife surveillance programs. To develop multispecies A-ELISA detection SARS-CoV-2, we used 44 species serum samples ascertain binding affinity, 88 samples, chosen strong affinity A, were obtained from housed Safari Park Dvůr Králové, Czech Republic. zoo are proximity humans, facilitating exploration reverse transmission events SARS-CoV-2 humans animals. Also, they undergo routine veterinary examinations, providing convenient access blood samples. Therefore, be easily development Based on results, detected sera 16 confirm these findings, ELISA-positive subjected neutralization assays. This additional testing revealed presence neutralizing two white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) one Persian leopard (Panthera pardus tulliana).

Language: Английский

Citations

0
One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil DOI Creative Commons
Pedro Augusto Almeida-Souza,

Thamires Gabriele Macedo Silva,

Gabriele Barbosa Penha

et al.

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 356 - 356

Published: April 6, 2025

Although the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic primarily affected human population, virus has also been detected in various animal species worldwide, raising concerns about its potential to establish new reservoirs. This study aimed investigate presence of non-human primates (NHPs) and synanthropic small mammals (SSMs) Jequitinhonha Valley Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between October 2021 2023, 119 animals were sampled, 82 NHPs 37 SSMs, across 22 municipalities. A total 342 biological samples-including oral nasal swabs, lungs, livers, spleens, blood, feces-were collected analyzed using RT-qPCR, while serum samples submitted neutralization tests. Despite diversity sampled species, habitats, materials, no evidence infection or specific antibodies was any individuals tested. The results suggest that SSMs these regions did not act as reservoirs for during period. finding is particularly relevant given high synanthropy such Callithrix penicillata (black-tufted marmoset) Rattus rattus (black rat), which frequently interact with populations. Our underscores importance integrating animal, human, environmental health perspectives under a One Health framework monitor emerging zoonotic threats. By providing baseline data on dynamics wildlife, we emphasize need ongoing ecological epidemiological surveillance assess spillover events their implications biodiversity public

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Leveraging Heterogeneous Spillover in Maximizing Contextual Bandit Rewards DOI
Ahmed Sayeed Faruk, Elena Zheleva

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A SARS-CoV-2: Companion Animal Transmission and Variants Classification DOI Creative Commons
Rachana Pandit, Qiana L. Matthews

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 775 - 775

Published: May 29, 2023

The continuous emergence of novel viruses and their diseases are a threat to global public health as there have been three outbreaks coronaviruses that highly pathogenic humans in the span last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV 2002, Middle East (MERS)-CoV 2012, SARS-CoV-2 which emerged 2019. unprecedented spread worldwide has given rise multiple variants either altered transmissibility, infectivity, or immune escaping ability, causing broad range animals including human non-human hosts such companion, farm, zoo, wild animals. In this review, we discussed recent outbreak, potential animal reservoirs, natural infections companion farm animals, with particular focus on variants. expeditious development COVID-19 vaccines advancements antiviral therapeutics contained pandemic some extent; however, extensive research surveillance concerning viral epidemiology, transmission, variants, seroprevalence diverse essential for future eradication COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

7