Towards a Safer Future: Enhancing Vaccine Development to Combat Animal Coronaviruses

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 330 - 330

Published: March 19, 2024

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large class of positively stranded RNA viruses that pose significant threat to public health, livestock farming, and wild animals. These have the ability cross species barriers cause devastating epidemics. Animals considered be intermediate hosts for many coronaviruses, animal coronaviruses also potential cross-species transmission humans. Therefore, controlling epidemic is great importance human health. Vaccination programs proven effective in infections, offering cost-effective approach reducing morbidity mortality, so re-emergence lethal emphasizes urgent need development vaccines. In this regard, we explore progress coronavirus vaccine development, covering latest taxonomy main spillover events, diverse platforms, targets primary challenges facing We emphasize create “dual-effect” capable eliciting both cellular humoral immune responses. The goal highlight contributions veterinary scientists field interdisciplinary collaboration between medical communities. By promoting communication cooperation, can enhance novel super vaccines combat infections future.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in lions, tigers, and hyenas at Denver Zoo

mSphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT In late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 spilled over from an animal host into humans, where it efficiently spread, resulting in the COVID-19 pandemic. Through both natural and experimental infections, we learned that many species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. Importantly, animals close proximity including companion, farmed, those at zoos aquariums, became infected, studies demonstrated transmission to/from humans these settings. this study, first review literature of infections tigers lions compare species, sex, age, virus antibody detection assay, types, frequency, length clinical signs, demonstrating broad heterogeneity among infections. We then describe a outbreak lions, tigers, hyenas Denver Zoo 2021. Animals were tested for viral RNA (vRNA) 4 months. Lions had significantly more vRNA nasal swabs than hyenas, individual experienced recrudescence after weeks undetectable vRNA. Infectious was correlated with high levels likely be detected earlier during infection. Four months post-infection, all generated robust neutralizing titers. infected Delta lineage AY.20 identical variant circulating less 1% Colorado time, suggesting single spillover event human spread within between housed zoo. Better understanding epidemiology susceptibility is critical limit current future protect health. IMPORTANCE Surveillance testing have shown wildlife, conservatory, Early pandemic, big cats zoological institutions documented cases naturally animals; however, challenges ability collect longitudinal samples zoo limited our kinetics clearance measured RNA, infectious virus, antibodies, initial clearance. found longer higher compared other species. All by rare population, followed interspecies transmission. These data important better spillover, infection multiple animals.

Language: Английский

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Evolving Landscape of Emerging Virus Diagnosis: Challenges and Innovations

Molecular Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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Infectious diseases in the anthropocene

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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One Health Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 in Non-Human Primates and Small Mammals in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 356 - 356

Published: April 6, 2025

Although the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic primarily affected human population, virus has also been detected in various animal species worldwide, raising concerns about its potential to establish new reservoirs. This study aimed investigate presence of non-human primates (NHPs) and synanthropic small mammals (SSMs) Jequitinhonha Valley Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Between October 2021 2023, 119 animals were sampled, 82 NHPs 37 SSMs, across 22 municipalities. A total 342 biological samples—including oral nasal swabs, lungs, livers, spleens, blood, feces—were collected analyzed using RT-qPCR, while serum samples submitted neutralization tests. Despite diversity sampled species, habitats, materials, no evidence infection or specific antibodies was any individuals tested. The results suggest that SSMs these regions did not act as reservoirs for during period. finding is particularly relevant given high synanthropy such Callithrix penicillata (black-tufted marmoset) Rattus rattus (black rat), which frequently interact with populations. Our underscores importance integrating animal, human, environmental health perspectives under a One Health framework monitor emerging zoonotic threats. By providing baseline data on dynamics wildlife, we emphasize need ongoing ecological epidemiological surveillance assess spillover events their implications biodiversity public

Language: Английский

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Leveraging Heterogeneous Spillover in Maximizing Contextual Bandit Rewards

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Lancet–PPATS Commission on Prevention of Viral Spillover: reducing the risk of pandemics through primary prevention

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 403(10427), P. 597 - 599

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19

Virulence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development novel vaccines therapeutics. The goal this review is to summarize our current understanding pathogenesis disease 2019 (COVID-19) be observed several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these SARS-CoV-2 infection help inform appropriate model selection for modelling as well vaccine therapeutic developments.

Language: Английский

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A SARS-CoV-2: Companion Animal Transmission and Variants Classification

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 775 - 775

Published: May 29, 2023

The continuous emergence of novel viruses and their diseases are a threat to global public health as there have been three outbreaks coronaviruses that highly pathogenic humans in the span last two decades, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV 2002, Middle East (MERS)-CoV 2012, SARS-CoV-2 which emerged 2019. unprecedented spread worldwide has given rise multiple variants either altered transmissibility, infectivity, or immune escaping ability, causing broad range animals including human non-human hosts such companion, farm, zoo, wild animals. In this review, we discussed recent outbreak, potential animal reservoirs, natural infections companion farm animals, with particular focus on variants. expeditious development COVID-19 vaccines advancements antiviral therapeutics contained pandemic some extent; however, extensive research surveillance concerning viral epidemiology, transmission, variants, seroprevalence diverse essential for future eradication COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Evidence of repeated zoonotic pathogen spillover events at ecological boundaries

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 5, 2024

Anthropogenic modifications to the landscape have altered several ecological processes worldwide, creating new boundaries at human/wildlife interface. Outbreaks of zoonotic pathogens often occur these boundaries, but mechanisms behind emergences remain drastically understudied. Here, we test for influence two types ecosystem on spillover risk: (1) biotic transition zones such as species range edges and transitions between ecoregions (2) land use where wild landscapes in close proximity heavily impacted areas high human population density. Using ebolavirus a model system an ensemble machine learning modeling framework, investigated role likely reservoir (bats) accidental host (primates) patterns (defined using SEDAC categories) past events. Our results show that overlapping heightened habitat diversity increase outbreaks risk. Moreover, gradual zones, represent by proportion rangelands, acts buffer reduces outbreak risks. With increasing changes provide novel evolutionary insights into our understanding pathogen emergence highlight risk aggressively developing boundaries.

Language: Английский

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